全国重点林区闪电时空变化特征  

Characteristics of Temporal and Spatial Variations of Lightning in China’s Key Forest Areas

作　　者：司莉青 李威 王明玉[1,2] 舒立福 苑尚博[3] 李伟克 张慧[4] 史一凡 周暖阳 Si Liqing;Li Wei;Wang Mingyu;Shu Lifu;Yuan Shangbo;Li Weike;Zhang Hui;Shi Yifan;Zhou Nuanyang(Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute,CAF,Beijing 100091;National Forestry and Grassland Fire Monitoring Early Warning and Prevention Engineering Technology Research Center,Beijing 100091;Institute of Electrical Engineering of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190;Beijing Academy of Emergency Management Science and Technology,Beijing 100070)

机构地区：[1]中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与自然保护研究所,北京100091 [2]国家林业草原火灾监测预警与防控工程技术研究中心,北京100091 [3]中国科学院电工研究所,北京100190 [4]北京市应急管理科学技术研究院,北京100070

出　　处：《林业科学》2025年第3期50-62,共13页Scientia Silvae Sinicae

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFD2202005,2023YFD2202003);国家林业和草原局森林雷击火防控-揭榜挂帅项目(2023132032)。

摘　　要：【目的】明确全国范围内重点林区的闪电时空变化特征,以提高雷击火预测的准确性。【方法】基于全国2023年甚低频/低频(very low frequency/low frequency,VLF/LF)三维闪电监测数据,分析全国7个重点林区(四川凉山林区、黑龙江大兴安岭林区、内蒙古大兴安岭林区、河北塞罕坝林区、新疆阿尔泰林区、北京市、福建武夷山国家公园)的闪电(云闪、云地闪、负闪、正闪)数量、电流、云闪高度以及时空分布规律。【结果】1)四川凉山林区闪电次数最多,其次为黑龙江大兴安岭林区和内蒙古大兴安岭林区,河北塞罕坝林区最少。各地区的负闪占比均远高于正闪。四川凉山林区的总闪密度和云地闪密度最多,分别达到9.12和5.03次·km^(−2)a^(−1);新疆阿尔泰林区的总闪密度和与云地闪密度最少,分别只有0.16和0.11次·km^(−2)a^(−1)。2)北京市、黑龙江大兴安岭林区和内蒙古大兴安岭林区正闪的电流分布范围更集中,绝大多数集中在0~40 kA,累计占总闪次数的比例分别为93.91%、91.50%和87.83%,而其他4个地区则分布范围较广,尤其是新疆阿尔泰林区。3)黑龙江大兴安岭林区和内蒙古大兴安岭林区、北京市、四川凉山林区的云闪高度集中在16000 m以下,新疆阿尔泰林区、河北塞罕坝林区和福建武夷山国家公园的云闪高度集中在22000 m以下,在1250 m高度处云闪的比例在各林区均最高。4)不同地区的闪电数量最大值出现在不同的月份,黑龙江大兴安岭林区、内蒙古大兴安岭林区、北京市和福建武夷山国家公园出现在7月,新疆阿尔泰林区和河北塞罕坝林区出现在8月,而四川凉山林区出现在9月。黑龙江大兴安岭林区和内蒙古大兴安岭林区一天内闪电高发时段更久,12:00—19:00时段的闪电数量均处于高位。四川凉山林区闪电数量日变化表现为在15:00—24:00时段闪电数量处于高位,闪电在夜间发生较多【Objective】The aim of this study was to clarify the spatiotemporal variation characteristics of lightning in key forest areas across the country,in order to enhance the accuracy of predicting lightning-caused fires.【Method】Based on the three-dimensional very low frequency/low frequency(VLF/LF)lightning monitoring data in 2023,this study analyzes the quantity,peak current intensity,cloud flash height and spatiotemporal distribution of lightning(intra-cloud lightning;cloud to ground lightning;positive lightning;negative lightning)in seven key forest areas in China,including the Liangshan forest area of Sichuan Province,Daxingʼanling forest area in Heilongjiang,Daxingʼanling forest area in Inner Mongolia,Saihanba forest area of Hebei Province,Altai forest area of Xinjiang,Beijing,and Fujian Wuyishan National Park.【Result】1)The Liangshan forest area of Sichuan Province experienced the highest frequency of lightning strikes,followed by the Daxingʼanling forest area in Heilongjiang and Daxingʼanling forest area in Inner Mongolia,with the Saihanba forest area of Hebei Province recording the lowest.The proportion of negative lightning was significantly higher than that of positive lightning in all regions.The total lightning density and cloud to ground lightning density in the liangshan forest area of Sichuan Province were the highest,reaching 9.12 and 5.03 times·km^(−2)a^(−1),respectively,whereas the Altai forest area of Xinjiang had the lowest total lightning density and cloud to ground lightning density,with only 0.16 and 0.11 times·km^(−2)a^(−1),respectively.2)In Beijing,the Daxingʼanling forest area in Heilongjiang,and the Daxingʼanling forest area in Inner Mongolia,the distribution of current intensity for positive lightning was more concentrated,with the vast majority ranging from 0 and 40 kA,accounting for 93.91%,91.50%,and 87.83%of the total lightning occurrences,respectively.In contrast,the other four regions were more widely distributed,particularly in Altai forest area of Xinjiang.

关 键 词：三维闪电定位系统 闪电特征 闪电活动 雷击火 时空异质性 重点林区 夜间火 

分 类 号：S762[农业科学—森林保护学]