新疆核桃焦叶症发生规律及其影响因子  

Juglans Leaf Necrosis:Disease Development and Influencing Factors

作　　者：白永超 王卫雄 李宝鑫 杨静雅 王祺 周荣飞 牛犇 裴东[1] Bai Yongchao;Wang Weixiong;Li Baoxin;Yang Jingya;Wang Qi;Zhou Rongfei;Niu Ben;Pei Dong(State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding Key Laboratory of Silviculture of National Forestry and Grassland Administration Research Institute of Forestry,C A F,Beijing 100091;State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding,Northeast Forestry University,Harbin 150040;College of Life Science,Northeast Forestry University,Harbin 150040;Forest and Fruit Industry Workstation of Kashgar,Kashgar 844000)

机构地区：[1]林木遗传育种全国重点实验室、国家林业和草原局林木培育重点实验室、中国林业科学研究院林业研究所,北京100091 [2]东北林业大学林木遗传育种全国重点实验室,哈尔滨150040 [3]东北林业大学生命科学学院,哈尔滨150040 [4]喀什地区林果产业工作站,喀什844000

出　　处：《林业科学》2025年第3期169-181,共13页Scientia Silvae Sinicae

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区“揭榜挂帅”项目。

摘　　要：【目的】了解新疆核桃焦叶症发生现状与分布特征,探究其发生规律及其与微生物组和叶片矿质元素的关联,以明确焦叶症的关键促发因子,为其监测、预报及防控提供科学依据。【方法】以南疆核桃主栽区17个县(市)291个样点的核桃园为研究对象,实地调查焦叶症发生现状,并建立焦叶症发生率和严重度分级标准。通过分析健康和焦叶症叶际、根系和根际土壤微生物群落多样性,并开展叶部真菌致病性测定,以及利用线性回归分析探讨叶片矿质元素与焦叶症严重度的相关性。【结果】田间调查分析结果表明,核桃焦叶症始于一次新梢停长前后,至二次新梢萌发前达到高峰。病症初期表现为叶缘或叶尖枯黄(或焦枯),随后逐渐向叶芯蔓延。轻症时叶缘或叶尖焦枯,重症时整个叶片焦枯,整株受害严重。焦枯前未见叶片萎蔫,焦枯后少见落叶,无明显发病中心和传染性,根据发生率和严重度将其分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ共5个等级。微生物组分析结果表明,发生焦叶症的叶际、根系和根际土壤中显著富集了耐高盐胁迫的盐单胞菌属(Halomonas)、假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)及Haliangium属等细菌类群;叶际中显著富集了链格孢属(Alternaria)、炭疽菌属(Colletotrichum)以及未分类亚隔孢壳科(Unclassied-Didymellaceae)等类群。叶片致病性测定结果表明,这些显著富集的叶部真菌均不是引起焦叶症的主要生物因子。叶片生理特性分析结果表明,焦叶症的叶片中O_(2)^(−)和H_(2)O_(2)的含量显著增加,且叶片中Cl^(−)、Na元素、B元素含量随焦叶症严重度的加剧呈显著增加,而叶片中N、K、Fe元素含量呈显著降低趋势。【结论】新疆核桃焦叶症叶际、根系和根际土壤中显著富集了耐高盐胁迫的细菌群落。叶部真菌不是引起焦叶症的主要生物因子,而Cl^(−)、Na元素、B元素毒害和N、K、Fe元素亏缺可能是引起�【Objective】The aim of this study was to understand the prevelance and incidence of Juglans leaf necrosis(JLN)in Xinjiang,investigate the disease dynamics and its correlation with phyllosphere microbiome and mineral elements,and determine the key precipitating factors of JLN in walnut in Xinjiang,which could provide information for its monitoring,forecasting,and prevention.【Method】We selected 291 walnut orchards from 17 counties in the main planting areas of walnut in South of Xinjiang.Conducted on-site investigations on the current situationof JLN.The disease rating scale of the leaf necrosis was established based on severity.The structure and composition of microbial communities inhabiting the phyllosphere,root endosphere and rhizosphere soil of healthy walnuts and the ones suffered from leaf necrosis were analyzed,and the pathogenicity of walnut-associated fungi was performed.Linear regression analysis was used to reveal the correlation between the content of mineral elements in leaves and the severity of leaf necrosis.【Result】The results showed that the JLN occurred approximately in the stop-growing period of the new shoots and reached the peak before the germination of the secondary shoots,where the leaf margins or tips initially appeared withered and yellow(or necrosis).This symptom then gradually spread towards the leaf core.Leaves with mild necrosis showed,the symptom manifested as the scorch of leaf edge or tip,while on the leaves of severe necrosis,the whole leaf was scorched and the plant was damaged heavily.No wilted leaves can be observed before occurrence of leaf necrosis,while fallen leaves were rarely detected after the symptom showed up.Juglans leaf necrosis had no obvious disease center or infectivity.The symptom can be rated on a five-level scale based on the incidence and severity.The results of microbiome analysis showed that Halomonas,Pseudomonas and Haliangium were significantly enriched that could tolerate high salt stress in the phyllosphere,root and rhizosphere soils with pyro

关 键 词：核桃 焦叶症 分级标准 发生规律 生理性病害 

分 类 号：S718.43[农业科学—林学]