南北对峙与南北联络:1920年黄尊三广州之行  

Confrontation and Communications between the South and the North:A Case Study of Huang Zunsan’s 1920 Tour to Guangzhou

作　　者：李在全 Li Zaiquan

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院大学历史学院 [2]中国社会科学院近代史研究所 [3]中国历史研究院近代以来中国历史学知识体系研究中心

出　　处：《社会科学辑刊》2025年第2期223-231,245,共10页Social Science Journal

基　　金：国家社会科学基金中国历史研究院重大历史问题研究专项(LSYZD21012)。

摘　　要：1920年12月,历史“小人物”黄尊三有一次意外的广州之行。黄氏在广州观察到,广州护法政府内部庞杂、派系林立、财政窘迫、难有作为。从微观人物史角度考察“小人物”行止,可以管窥南北政权对峙中的交错互动。考察黄尊三此番南下广州之举可以发现,以孙中山为首的广州护法政府通过北方政界要角孙洪伊联络北方,特别是直系集团。作为南方护法阵营的重要成员,孙洪伊为孙中山联络北方所作的努力主要体现在表层和高层,缺少群众基础,实际效果有限。孙洪伊、黄尊三之间的关系类似传统社会的“君子之交”,在“社会革命派”已经兴起的1920年代难以成事。相反,讲求主义信仰、严密组织、群众基础成为此后中国政治变革的新趋向。In December 1920,Huang Zunsan,an“obscure historical character”,had an unexpected trip to Guangzhou.According to Huang’s observation,the Guangzhou Protectorate Government was afflicted with complex structure,factional rivalry and financial difficulties,which made it extremely difficult to achieve anything.From the perspective of microhistory,examinations of the conducts of“obscure historical characters”could give a good reflection of the communications and interactions between the competing regimes of the North and the South.Through a close look at Huang Zunsan’s travel to Guangzhou,it became obvious that the Southern Protectorate Government,led by Sun Yat-sen,attempted to get in contact with the North,especially the Zhili clique,through Sun Hongyi,a prominent political figure.As an important member of the Southern Protectorate,Sun Hongyi’s efforts to connect Sun Yat-sen with the North were superficial and limited to the top elites at best,lacking a mass base and practical effects.The relationship between Sun Hongyi and Huang Zunsan is similar to the traditional Chinese“gentleman’s friendship”,which was unable to achieve anything substantial in the 1920s when the“social revolutionary faction”had already emerged.On the contrary,ideological beliefs,rigorous organization,and popular foundation became the new trend in China’s political reforms thereafter.

关 键 词：广州护法政府 微观人物史 北洋军阀 孙中山 孙洪伊 黄尊三 

分 类 号：K26[历史地理—历史学]