我国科技新闻内容失范现象:危害、成因与治理  

Anomie of science and technology news content in China:Hazards,causes and governance

作　　者：向小薇 周建中 张思光 杨玉良[3] XIANG Xiao-wei;ZHOU Jian-zhong;ZHANG Si-guang;YANG Yu-liang(Institutes of Science and Development,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China;School of Public Policy and Management,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Science Popularization and Education Committee,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院科技战略咨询研究院,北京100190 [2]中国科学院大学公共政策与管理学院,北京100049 [3]中国科学院学部科学普及与教育工作委员会,北京100190

出　　处：《科学学研究》2025年第3期661-670,共10页Studies in Science of Science

基　　金：中国科学院学部咨询评议项目(E1X1681601);中国科普研究所委托项目“国家自然科学基金项目科普情况研究”(E3015419)。

摘　　要：科技新闻是沟通科技与社会的重要桥梁,是弘扬科学精神、回应公众科学期待的重要载体。随着数字技术发展带来的媒介社会化,近年来,科技新闻内容失范现象频频发生,阻碍了公众理解科学的进程,不利于培植科技创新长远发展的社会土壤。本文基于斯图亚特·霍尔的“编码-译码”理论,系统分析了科技新闻生产传播过程中的失范现象与成因,发现在科技新闻内容生产传播的“科学界-媒体”环节和“媒体-公众”环节均存在功利性编码意图和“传受不对称性”两类导致信息失真的情形。面对失范现象,当前我国科技新闻规范治理机制存在缺少科学界权威把关发声、科技新闻监管政策效能不足以及互联网科技新闻面临审核困难等问题,从建立健全规范制度和弥合科技新闻传播过程中的传受不对称性两方面,本文进一步提出了科技新闻规范治理的对策建议。Science and technology news builds a bridge for communication between science and society,and it serves as an important vehicle for encouraging scientific spirit and responding to public concerns about science.With the development of social media and digital technology,the anomie of science and technology news content is occurring with increasing frequency,which hinders public understanding of science and is not conducive to long-term development of S&T innovation.Hence,it is imperative to investigate the factors contributing to the generation and propagation of S&T fake news,as well as the mechanisms for its regulation.Drawing on Stuart Hall's encoding/decoding theory,this study examines the causes of fake news from the perspective of S&T news production and consumption.The analysis reveals four types of distortion in S&T information:(1)distortion resulting from the utilitarian encoding practice conducted by certain scientists.(2)distortion stemming from the asymmetry between the position of science community and that of the media.(3)distortion caused by the utilitarian encoding practice conducted by the media.(4)distortion arising from the asymmetry between the position of the media and that of the audience.Furthermore,this study analyzes the existing policies and mechanisms regulating S&T news in China,and three deficiencies are identified:(1)Lack of authoritative oversight from the scientific community.(2)Regulation policies of science and technology news are insufficiently effective.(3)Reviewing online science and technology news presents certain difficulties.Based on the findings above,this study puts forward recommendations for establishing an ecosystem of S&T news production and consumption that upholds the truth:(1)Establish a robust regulatory framework for combating misinformation in science and technology news.(2)Bridge the asymmetry in science news production and consumption.

关 键 词：科技新闻 失范现象 科学普及 治理 

分 类 号：C301[社会学] G21[文化科学—新闻学]