蜗壳仿鹦鹉螺设计及其对离心压缩机性能的影响  

Study on the Design of Bionic Volute Inspired by the Nautilus and Its Influence on Aerodynamic Performance of Centrifugal Compressor

作　　者：张宇航 刘小民[1] 谭佳健[2] 孙永瑞 ZHANG Yuhang;LIU Xiaomin;TAN Jiajian;SUN Yongrui(School of Energy and Power Engineering,Xi’an Jiaotong University,Xi’an 710049,China;Shengu Group Co.Ltd.,Shenyang 110027,China)

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学能源与动力工程学院,西安710049 [2]沈阳鼓风机集团股份有限公司,沈阳110027

出　　处：《工程热物理学报》2025年第3期815-822,共8页Journal of Engineering Thermophysics

基　　金：国家重点研发计划资助项目(No.2019YFB1504601)。

摘　　要：作为离心压缩机的关键部件之一,蜗壳优化设计对于提高离心压缩机气动性能具有重要的作用。本文以鹦鹉螺外壳螺旋线为仿生原型,采用仿生重构和逆向设计方法对离心压缩机蜗壳进行设计,并通过数值计算对离心压缩机气动性能及其内部流场进行模拟,对比分析原型蜗壳和仿生蜗壳内部流动特性以及对离心压缩机压比和效率的影响。结果表明:仿鹦鹉螺设计能够减小离心压缩机蜗壳内部总压损失,提高蜗壳静压恢复系数,使离心压缩机气动性能得到提升。在设计工况条件下,仿生蜗壳相较于原型蜗壳总压损失系数相对降低12.3%,静压恢复系数相对提升5.4%。当仿生鹦鹉螺设计的蜗壳被采用,离心压缩机的多变效率最大增加了1.42%,同时压比也最大增加了0.84%。As one of the critical components of a centrifugal compressor,the optimization design of the volute plays a crucial role in improving the aerodynamic performance of centrifugal compressor.Inspired by the spiral profile of the nautilus shell,the reverse design and bionic reconstruction method are used to design the volute of the centrifugal compressor.Internal flow field of the centrifugal compressor are simulated through numerical calculations to analyze the flow characteristics inside the prototype volute and bionic volute,as well as their impact on the pressure ratio and efficiency of the centrifugal compressor.The results show that the bionic design inspired by the nautilus can be used to reduce the total pressure loss of the volute and improve the static pressure recovery coefficient of the volute,which leads to the increase of the aerodynamic performance of centrifugal compressor.At the design condition,compared to the prototype volute,the bionic volute exhibits a 12.3%relative reduction in the total pressure loss coefficient and a 5.4%relative increase in the static pressure recovery coefficient.When the designed bionic volute is used,the centrifugal compressor achieves a maximum increase of 1.42%in the polytropic efficiency and a maximum increase of 0.84%in the pressure ratio compared to the prototype centrifugal compressor.

关 键 词：离心压缩机 蜗壳 鹦鹉螺 仿生设计 气动性能 

分 类 号：TH452[机械工程—机械制造及自动化]