豫北盐碱土壤中高效纤维素降解细菌的筛选鉴定与降解能力研究  

Isolation and screening of high efficiency cellulose degrading bacteria and their degradation ability in saline alkali soil of Northern Henan

作　　者：宫诚 张文豪 张鹏 郎冬梅 GONG Cheng;ZHANG Wenhao;ZHANG Peng;LANG Dongmei(School of Horticulture Landscape Architecture,Henan Institute of Science and Technology,Xinxiang 453003,China)

机构地区：[1]河南科技学院园艺园林学院,河南新乡453003

出　　处：《河南科技学院学报(自然科学版)》2025年第2期8-14,共7页Journal of Henan Institute of Science and Technology(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(32302480);河南省科技攻关项目(242102111073,202102110054);大学生创新训练项目(CX2023080)。

摘　　要：目的从盐碱土壤中筛选具有高效降解纤维素能力的菌株,为盐碱地区农业废弃物的有效利用奠定基础.方法以豫北盐碱地果园土壤为研究对象,从中筛选出具有较高纤维素降解能力的菌株.利用16S rDNA测序和系统发育分析鉴定菌株类别,根据小麦秸秆的降解率评价菌株的降解能力.结果通过刚果红染色法初筛得到20株具有纤维素降解能力的菌株,其中菌株B1、B3、B18的产内切葡聚糖苷酶和滤纸酶活性相对较高,麦秸失质量率分别为69.69%、68.26%和68.34%.通过16S rDNA测序分析鉴定出菌株分别为尼氏芽孢杆菌(Bacillus nealsonii)、科恩氏菌属(Cohnella)以及灿烂类芽孢杆菌(Paenibacillus lautus).通过室内培养,发现添加3种菌株使盐碱土壤中麦秸的降解率分别提高7.11、6.35、8.39倍.结论筛选的3株具有纤维素降解能力的细菌的产酶能力较高,可有效促进麦秸的腐解,为豫北盐碱农用土壤中还田麦秸促腐提供有效的菌种资源,具有一定的应用前景.Objective Screening strains with high ability of cellulose degradation from saline alkali soil can provides foundations for the effective utilization of agricultural waste in this area.Methods In this study,strains with high cellulose degradation ability were screened from saline alkali soil in Northern Henan Province,then which were identified by 16S rDNA profiles and phylogenetic characterizations.The degradation ability of the strains was evaluated according to the degradation rates of wheat straw in soil.Results There were 20 strains were screened has cellulose degradation ability by Congo red staining.Among them,strains B1,B3 and B18 had the relative highest activities of carboxymethyl cellulase and filter paper enzyme,and the weight loss rates of wheat straw were 69.69%,68.26%and 68.34%respectively.The strain was identified as Bacillus nealsonii,Cohnella and Paenibacillus lautus by 16S rDNA profiles,respectively.A laboratory incubation experiment was conducted,the degradation rate of wheat straw in saline alkali soil inoculated with B1,B3 and B18 strain was increased by 7.11,6.35 and 8.39 times,respectively.In conclusion,the screened cellulose degrading bacteria in this soil condition had relative high ability of producing enzymes,and effectively promotes the decomposition of wheat straw.Conclusion All the isolated cellulose degrading bacteria would provide effective strain resources in the agricultural waste decomposition,and have a great potential to be applied in the future,especially in saline alkali agricultural soil in the Northern of Henan.

关 键 词：纤维素降解细菌 小麦秸秆 筛选鉴定 酶活 盐碱土壤 

分 类 号：X712[环境科学与工程—环境工程]