奶牛乳腺炎影响牛奶外泌体的研究进展  

Research progress on the effect of mastitis on milk exosomes in dairy cows

作　　者：杜超 毛世优 赵雪寒 滕战伟 张晓建[1] DU Chao;MAO Shiyou;ZHAO Xuehan;TENG Zhanwei;ZHANG Xiaojian(College of Science and Veterinary Medicine,Henan Institute of Science and Technology,Xinxiang 453003,China)

机构地区：[1]河南科技学院动物科技学院,河南新乡453003

出　　处：《河南科技学院学报(自然科学版)》2025年第2期15-23,共9页Journal of Henan Institute of Science and Technology(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(32302798);河南省重点研发与推广专项(科技攻关)(222102110046,232102110082,232102110008);河南科技学院2024年大学生创新创业训练计划(2024CX008).

摘　　要：乳腺炎在奶牛养殖过程中的发病率较高,会造成严重的经济损失,因此,乳腺炎的早期诊断和治疗十分重要.外泌体是一种新发现的功能性细胞外囊泡,参与免疫调节、炎性反应等生物学过程,在牛奶中含量丰富.研究表明,牛奶外泌体可因乳腺感染而发生改变,这为外泌体作为乳腺炎诊断标志物奠定了基础.近年来,组学技术的发展极大地丰富了奶牛乳腺炎诊断技术,利用组学技术筛选鉴定牛奶外泌体中的乳腺炎生物标志物为乳腺炎诊断提供了新的思路和方法.以利用组学技术筛选鉴定健康牛奶和乳腺炎牛奶外泌体差异的相关文献为基础,对奶牛乳腺炎引起牛奶外泌体中蛋白质、miRNAs、lncRNAs和circRNAs含量的改变进行总结并作进一步比较分析.结果发现,乳腺炎牛奶与健康牛奶外泌体之间存在多个差异表达蛋白质,进一步通过比较分析和文献查阅表明,SAA、HP、Cathelicidin-1、Cathelicidin-4、Cathelicidin-7、MPO、S100A8、S100A9和S100A12等9个蛋白质参与免疫和炎症反应,其在机体内抵抗微生物的作用已经得到证实,可能与乳腺炎的发生相关,可作为乳腺炎相关候选生物标志物.多个miRNAs在乳腺炎牛奶和健康牛奶外泌体之间差异表达,其中bta-miR-184、bta-miR-223、bta-miR-142-5p和bta-miR-146a在乳腺炎牛奶外泌体中特异或高效表达,其介导炎症和免疫反应的作用同样已经得到初步证实,值得进一步研究.此外,存在9个lncRNAs和290个circRNAs在乳腺炎牛奶和健康牛奶外泌体之间差异表达.为奶牛乳腺炎生物标志物的进一步筛选奠定基础,也有利于更多乳腺炎诊断和治疗方法的提出.Mastitis is one of the most frequent diseases of dairy cows and leads to great economic losses.Therefore,detection and treatment of mastitis are critically important.Exosomes are newly discovered functional extracellular vesicle,which participate in immune response,and are abundant in milk.It is reported that mastitis causes changes in the milk exosomes,which suggesting its potential as biomarkers for diagnosis of mastitis.Recently,the development of omics technology has greatly enriched the diagnostic techniques for bovine mastitis.Using omics technology to screen and identify biomarkers of mastitis in milk exosomes provides new ideas and methods for the diagnosis of mastitis.Based on the previous studies on using omics technology to detect the differences of milk exosomes between healthy and mastitic dairy cows,the present study aimed to review the changes of proteins,miRNAs,lncRNAs,and circRNAs in milk exosomes caused by mastitis.The results showed that there were multiple differentially expressed proteins in milk exosomes between healthy and mastitic dairy cows.Further analysis showed that 9 proteins,including SAA,HP,Cathelicidin-1,Cathelicidin-4,Cathelicidin-7,MPO,S100A8,S100A9,and S100A12,were involved in immune processes and inflammation and might be related to the occurrence of mastitis.A lot of miRNAs were differentially expressed during mastitis relative to their expression in normal milk exosomes.Of these,bta-miR-184,bta-miR-223,bta-miR-142-5p,and bta-miR-146a were found to be uniquely or highly expressed in milk exosomes of mastitic dairy cows,and deserved to be further studied.Besides,compared with the healthy milk,9 differentially expressed lncRNAs and 290 differentially expressed circRNAs were identified in milk exosomes from mastitic cows.This study is useful for further identifying biomarkers of mastitis,and then may contribute to diagnosis and treatment mastitis of dairy cows.

关 键 词：奶牛 乳腺炎 牛奶外泌体 生物标志物 

分 类 号：S823[农业科学—畜牧学]