以狂犬病防控为例的校园健康教育模式研究  

Study on campus health education model of rabies prevention and control

作　　者：解瑞谦[1] 郭然 马震[1] 杨宠[1] 蒙晓宇[3] 邓星超[4] 江河[3] 何建忠[4] 张颖颖 吴敬 XIE Rui-qian;GUO Ran;MA Zhen;YANG Chong;MENG Xiao-yu;DENG Xing-chao;JIANG He;HE Jian-zhong;ZHANG Ying-ying;WU Jing(Chinese Center for Health Education,Beijing 10001l,China)

机构地区：[1]中国健康教育中心,北京100011 [2]北京中医药大学管理学院,北京100029 [3]广西壮族自治区疾病预防控制中心,广西南宁530021 [4]贵港市疾病预防控制中心,广西贵港537199

出　　处：《中国健康教育》2025年第2期157-160,165,共5页Chinese Journal of Health Education

摘　　要：目的对农村狂犬病高发地区中学生进行疾病健康教育,并探索校园健康教育的新模式。方法基于“体验式教学”的理论方法设计本研究的健康教育方法,包括教师授课和小组活动两阶段,选取广西某两所乡镇中学开展研究。受试者分为制作海报和制作微视频两组,采用随机分层抽样的方式在健康教育前后分别对其进行焦点小组访谈,收集其对狂犬病防控的认知等相关信息,从而对教育模式和效果进行评价。结果在健康教育效果方面,干预前学生对于狂犬病防控知识了解相对片面,对于狂犬病预防、治疗和辨认方面的信息反馈较少,且对于狂犬病的警惕意识差;干预后学生对狂犬病防控知识的反馈较为全面,在狂犬病高风险动物识别、狂犬病预防、伤口处理方法等方面的素养均有明显提高,同时健康教育也产生了一定的健康传播效果,学生开始向家人和村民进行健康宣教。在教育模式方面,学生对体验式教学模式的态度更佳,其中微视频制作组的反馈优于海报制作组。结论教师授课与小组活动相结合的校园健康教育可以有效提高农村学生的狂犬病防控认知,并产生一定的健康传播效应。体验式教学模式有助于提高健康教育效率,对于农村地区的狂犬病防控具有重要意义。Objective To carry out health education for middle school students in rural areas with high incidence of rabies,and to explore a new model of campus health education.Methods The health education method of this study was designed based on the"experiential teaching",including two stages of teacher teaching and group activities.Two township middle schools in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region were selected to carry out the research.The subjects were divided into two groups:poster making and micro-video making.The focused interviews were conducted before and after the health education by random stratified sampling to collect relevant information such as rabies prevention and control literacy for effect evaluation of the education models.Results The effect of health education showed that before the intervention,students had relatively one-sided understanding of rabies prevention and control knowledge,less feedback on rabies prevention,treatment and identification information,and poor awareness of rabies vigilance.After the intervention,the comprehensive feedback on rabies prevention and control knowledge,the identification of high-risk rabies animals,rabies prevention,wound management methods and other aspects had been significantly improved.At the same time,health education had also produced a certain effect of health communication,and the students began to carry out health education activities to their families and villagers.In terms of educational models,the students showed better attitude towards experiential teaching model,and the feedback of micro-video making group were better than that of poster making group.Conclusion Campus health education could effectively improve rural students'literacy of rabies prevention and control,and had certain effect of health communication.Experiential teaching model is helpful to improve the efficiency of health education,which is of great significance for rabies prevention and control in rural areas.

关 键 词：狂犬病防控 健康教育 模式研究 访谈 

分 类 号：R193[医药卫生—卫生事业管理]