基于生态系统服务的横向生态补偿研究——以赤水河流域为例  

Horizontal ecological compensation for ecosystem services in Chishui River Basin

作　　者：孙艳芝 唐泽 王志凯 马国霞 SUN Yan-zhi;TANG Ze;WANG Zhi-kai;MA Guo-xia(Center for Eco-Environmental Accounting,Chinese Academy of Environmental Planning,Beijing 100043,China;Chinese Academy of Environmental Planning,Beijing 100043,China)

机构地区：[1]生态环境部环境规划院生态环境与经济核算中心,北京100043 [2]生态环境部环境规划院,北京100043

出　　处：《自然资源学报》2025年第3期786-796,共11页Journal of Natural Resources

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42277491);长江生态环境保护修复联合研究(第二期)(2022-LHYJ-02-0403)。

摘　　要：实施横向生态补偿是不同地区获得平等生存权、环境权和发展权的有力保障,也是促进区域间协调、平衡和可持续发展的重要途径。聚焦赤水河流域,基于生态系统服务价值科学核算生态补偿额,识别受偿区与支付区,建立了政府、企业等多元主体参与的横向生态补偿策略。结果表明:(1)赤水河流域上游与下游西岸地区是主要的生态补偿受偿区,占流域总面积的54.8%;下游东岸地区属于支付区,占流域总面积的21.3%。(2)2021年赤水河流域理论补偿金额为77.2亿元,仁怀市、汇川区、七星关区和播州区分别承担58.1%、19.4%、17.7%和4.8%的补偿额度。(3)构建具有赤水河流域特色的政府补偿与企业补偿相互耦合的水基金平台,形成多元主体协同运作模式,通过奖励生态保护行为、发展生态产业、完善生态制度等途径,统筹流域发展的协调性与公平性。Horizontal ecological compensation serves as a pivotal safeguard for ensuring equitable access to survival,environmental,and developmental rights across diverse regions.It is also a crucial approach for fostering inter-regional harmony,balance,and sustainable progress.This study zeroed in on the Chishui River Basin,aiming to scientifically quantify the ecological compensation amount based on the ecosystem services'value.We further established a horizontal ecological compensation mechanism that encompassed the government,enterprises,and other stakeholders through the identification of both compensated and paying regions.The key findings were:(1)The upstream and western bank areas of the Chishui River Basin constitute the compensated regions,covering 54.8%of the basin's total area.Conversely,the downstream and eastern bank regions,being beneficiaries of ecological protection,represent the paying regions,accounting for 21.3%of the total area.(2)The theoretical compensation amount for the Chishui River Basin in 2021 stood at 7.72 billion yuan.Renhuai city,Huichuan district,Qixingguan district and Bozhou district bored respectively 58.1%,19.4%,17.7%and 4.8%of the compensation amount according to the proportion of water consumption.(3)Under the government's guidance,a water fund model tailored to the Chishui River Basin,integrating government and enterprise compensation,had been formulated.This model fostered a collaborative mechanism among multiple stakeholders,promoting the coordinated and equitable development of the watershed through incentives for ecological protection,the development of eco-industries,and the provision of ecological institutions.

关 键 词：生态系统服务价值 生态补偿 受偿区与支付区 水基金 赤水河流域 

分 类 号：X321[环境科学与工程—环境工程]