突发公共事件后民航飞行员的心理健康状况调查及航空卫生保障措施  

Investigation on the mental health status of civil aviation pilots after public emergency event and aeromedical support measures

作　　者：贺锦阳 王晓莉 He Jinyang;Wang Xiaoli(Surgery Department of the Aviation Health Subdivision of the Shanxi Branch,China Eastern Airline Co.,Ltd.,Taiyuan 030001,China)

机构地区：[1]中国东方航空股份有限公司山西分公司航空卫生分部外科,太原030001

出　　处：《中华航空航天医学杂志》2024年第4期290-293,共4页Chinese Journal of Aerospace Medicine

摘　　要：目的了解突发公共事件发生后民航飞行员的心理健康状况,分析突发公共事件对民航飞行员产生的心理影响,探讨航空公司可采取的应对措施,为航空卫生保障工作提供参考。方法某航空公司一次突发公共事件后,选取该航空公司现役飞行员183名作为研究对象,采用问卷调查方式于2022年4月9日对其进行心理状况评估。收集一般资料、抑郁-焦虑-压力量表(Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale,DASS-21)评分,将其按年龄分为<30、30~39和≥40岁组;按婚姻状况分为已婚组及未婚组;按飞行岗位分为机长组和副驾组;按总飞行时间分为<7000、7000~13999和≥14000 h组;按2021年飞行时间分为<300、300~599和≥600 h组。比较各组飞行员的DASS-21分量表分值。结果共发放问卷183份,回收有效问卷183份,有效率100%,测评覆盖率100%。不同年龄、婚姻状况、飞行岗位、总飞行时间及2021年飞行时间的民航飞行员DASS-21的各分量表分值比较,差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05);DASS-21各量表得分结果显示,压力分量表检出压力状态为轻度者26例,中度者9例,压力状态检出率19.1%;焦虑分量表检出焦虑状态为轻度者6例,中度者15例,重度者1例,焦虑状态检出率12.0%;抑郁分量表检出抑郁状态为轻度者10例,中度者6例,抑郁状态检出率8.7%。结论在遇到突发公共事件后,飞行员压力、焦虑和抑郁状态的检出率相对偏低,说明飞行员整体心理健康状态良好。适宜的航空卫生保障措施(公司应急管理制度的完善、心理管理平台的建立、健康宣教工作的强化、文体活动的丰富及疲劳管理优化)可帮助飞行员保持稳定的心理状态。Objective To provide references for aeromedical support by understanding the psychological status of civil pilots after public emergencies,analyzing the psychological impact of public emergencies on civil pilots,and exploring the countermeasures that airlines can take.Methods After an airline public emergency event,183 active pilots of an airline company were randomly selected as the subjects,the psychological status of the subjects was evaluated by questionnaire survey on April 9,2022.General information and Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale(DASS-21)scores of the subjects were collected.The pilots were grouped by age(<30 years,30-39 years,≥40 years),marital status(married,single),flight position(captain,co-pilot),total flying hours(<7000 h,7000-13999 h,≥14000 h)and flying hours in 2021(<300 h,300-599 h,≥600 h).The DASS-21 subscale scores of each group were compared.Results All 183 distributed questionnaires were valid,yielding a 100%response rate and full survey coverage.Comparison of DASS-21 subscale scores among civil aviation pilots of different ages,marital statuses,flight positions,total flying hours,and flying hours in 2021,with no significant differences(all P>0.05).The subscale result of DASS-21 showed that the stress subscale of 26 cases were mild,9 cases were moderate,and the detection rate of stress state was 19.1%.The anxiety subscale results of 6 cases were mild,15 cases were moderate,and 1 case was severe,and the detection rate of anxiety state was 12.0%.The depression subscale results of 10 cases were mild,6 cases were moderate,and the detection rate of depression was 8.7%.Conclusions After encountering public emergencies,the detection rates of pilots with stress,anxiety and depression state is relatively low,indicating that the overall mental health status of pilots is good.Appropriate aeromedical support measures(the improvement of the company′s emergency management system,the establishment of a psychological management platform,the strengthening of health education work,the enrichment

关 键 词：大规模伤亡事件 心理创伤 风险评估 飞行员 

分 类 号：R851[医药卫生—航空、航天与航海医学]