家庭经济理论视角下山区耕地撂荒影响机理及效应——基于重庆奉节县1970份农户调查  

The influencing mechanism and effects of abandoned cultivated land in mountainous areas from the perspective of household economic theory: A case study of 1970 households in Fengjie county, Chongqing

作　　者：何田 潘欣玥 郎雨 邓睿 刘愿理 廖和平[3] HE Tian;PAN Xinyue;LANG Yu;DENG Rui;LIU Yuanli;LIAO Heping(Faculty of Geography Resource Sciences,Sichuan Normal University,Chengdu 610101,China;School of Business and Management,Chongqing Technology and Business University,Chongqing 400067,China;School of Geographical Science,Southwest University,Chongqing 400715,China)

机构地区：[1]四川师范大学地理与资源科学学院,成都610101 [2]重庆工商大学工商管理学院,重庆400067 [3]西南大学地理科学学院,重庆400715

出　　处：《地理研究》2025年第3期676-690,共15页Geographical Research

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究一般项目(23YJCZH072);2023年成都市哲学社会科学规划项目(2023BS086)。

摘　　要：耕地撂荒现象作为山区经济发展中亟待解决的关键议题,不仅深刻关联着农户家庭生计模式的转型与资源优化配置,还直接牵动着粮食安全保障的稳固、农业现代化进程的加速以及乡村全面振兴的实现。基于此,本文以重庆市奉节县为研究区域,利用1970份农户实地调研数据,运用结构方程模型,分析农户耕地撂荒的影响机理及影响效应。结果表明:(1)山区农户耕地撂荒是涉及家庭人力资源优化配置、经济收益综合考量、土地资源高效利用及风险规避等多方面因素综合作用的复杂现象,不仅是农户家庭内部经济结构对外界社会经济环境变化的适应性反应,也是农户为实现家庭效益最大化而作出的理性决策。(2)家庭人力资本增强与村庄区位环境劣势的叠加影响,会显著促进耕地撂荒,而家庭资源丰富、赡养负担重以及村庄经济基础坚实则对农户撂荒决策具有显著的抑制作用。(3)家庭分工促进山区耕地撂荒,且其作为中介变量在影响耕地撂荒的多因素中扮演关键角色。为缓解山区耕地撂荒现象,要着重强化人力资本培养、改善区位环境势能、优化家庭分工结构、健全土地流转制度等策略,形成合力共同促进农村社会经济可持续发展。The issue of cultivated land abandonment is a critical topic that urgently needs addressing in the economic development of mountainous areas.It is not only deeply tied to the transformation of farmers'household livelihood patterns and the optimal allocation of resources,but also directly affects the stabilization of food security,the acceleration of agricultural modernization,and the realization of comprehensive rural revitalization.Based on this,our study takes on Fengjie county in Chongqing city as the research area,utilizes field survey data from 1970 farmers,and applies a structural equation model to examine the impact mechanisms and effects of cultivated land abandonment.This approach provides a comprehensive understanding of the drivers behind land abandonment and their implications for rural development.The results show that:(1)The abandonment of cultivated land by farmers in mountainous areas is a complex phenomenon influenced by a combination of factors,including the optimal allocation of family human resources,comprehensive consideration of economic benefits,efficient land resource management,and risk aversion.It is both an adaptive response of the internal economic structure of farmers'families to changes in the external socio-economic environment and a rational decision made by farmers to maximize family interests.(2)The combined effects of enhanced family human capital and disadvantages in village location and environment significantly promote cultivated land abandonment.Conversely,abundant family resources,heavy caregiving responsibilities,and a solid village economic foundation significantly inhibit abandonment decisions.(3)The division of household labor significantly promotes cultivated land abandonment in mountainous areas and acts as a key mediator among the various factors influencing this process.To address the issue effectively,it is essential to enhance human capital through education and training programs,improve locational and environmental advantages by investing in infrastructure,public

关 键 词：耕地撂荒 影响机理 家庭效益 家庭经济理论 山区 

分 类 号：F32[经济管理—产业经济]