基于景观破碎化特征的传统村落保护利用模式研究  

Research on the protection and utilization mode of traditional villages based on the analysis of landscape fragmentation

作　　者：曾灿 刘沛林 龚文静[3] 裴习君 ZENG Can;LIU Peilin;GONG Wenjing;PEI Xijun(UNESCO International Centre for HIST Changsha Workstation,Changsha College,Changsha 410022,China;College of Economics and Management and Institute for Digital Humanities,Changsha College,Changsha 410022,China;College of Geography&Tourism,Hengyang Normal University,Hengyang 421002,Hunan,China)

机构地区：[1]长沙学院联合国教科文组织国际自然与文化遗产空间技术中心长沙工作站,长沙410022 [2]长沙学院经济与管理学院暨数字人文研究院,长沙410022 [3]衡阳师范学院地理与旅游学院,衡阳421002

出　　处：《地理研究》2025年第3期770-784,共15页Geographical Research

基　　金：国家社科基金文化遗产保护传承研究专项(24VWB018);教育部人文社科基金(24YJC850001、23-YJE850001);湖南省自然科学基金(2025JJ60251);湖南省自然资源厅科技计划项目(HBS20240111)。

摘　　要：传统村落中景观“自损性破碎与异损性破碎”共同影响其整体景观的破碎化水平,文章借用景观生态学中的景观异质性指数测算方法,以湘西州、湘南地区34个传统村落为例开展建筑景观破碎化测度,以期为处于不同破碎化阶段的传统村落提供保护与发展的模式。研究表明:(1)建筑质量、风貌景观中湘南地区破碎化明显或严重程度显著大于湘西地区;建筑高度景观基本为轻度破碎,地区差异不明显;建筑年代景观破碎化程度严重,地区差异较小,湘西州两级分化严重。(2)风貌与年代破碎化指数对比可发现ND-F(A/Q)显著大于FM-F(A/Q),即大多数村落1950年代后新建建筑在风格、色彩、体量、高度上与传统风貌相协调。(3)以质量-风貌-年代的排列方式,研究区景观破碎化呈现五种主要类型,以轻度质量、风貌景观破碎,明显或严重年代景观破碎类型为主。基于五种破碎化类型,从“类型-问题/特色-策略/模式”的逻辑框架提出“活态保护+蓝绿产业”“资源编排+连片开发”“提质+激活+乡村旅游”“修复+提质+赋能”“修复+提质+整合”的传统村落保护与利用模式。对不同地域不同批次传统村落建筑景观破碎化程度进行科学把脉,有利于精准治理与修复乡土文化基因,为传统村落乡村振兴提供可行性保护利用模式。The"self-damaging fragmentation and heterogeneous fragmentation"of the landscape in traditional villages jointly affects the fragmentation level of the overall landscape.This study used the landscape heterogeneity index measurement method in landscape ecology to measure the architectural landscape fragmentation of 34 traditional villages in Xiangxi autonomous prefecture(in western Hunan province)and southern Hunan province as case studies in order to provide a model for the protection and development of traditional villages at different stages of fragmentation.The study shows that:(1)The fragmentation in southern Hunan is significantly more pronounced than that in western Hunan in terms of building quality and landscape style:the landscape in building height shows slight fragmentation,with no obvious regional differences;while the landscape fragmentation in building age is severe,with minimal regional variation,and serious two-level differentiation in Xiangxi.(2)The comparison between the architectural style and age fragmentation index reveals that the ND-F(A;Q)is significantly larger than FM-F(A;Q),i.e.,most of the villages with new buildings set up after the 1950s are basically more coordinated with the traditional landscape in terms of style,color,volume and height.(3)In the order of quality-fashion-age,the fragmentation of the architectural landscape of traditional villages in the study area shows five main types.The primary types are characterized by minor quality degradation and fragmentation of landscape features,as well as distinct or severe era-specific landscape fragmentation.Based on the five types of fragmentation,the logical framework of"type-issue;characteristics-strategy;model"proposes"living conservation+blue and green industries"and"resource arrangement+continuous development","quality improvement+activation+rural tourism","restoration+quality improvement+empowerment","restoration+quality improvement+integration"of traditional village protection and utilization model.Through the scientific analys

关 键 词：传统村落 建筑景观破碎 文化景观基因 景观异质性 保护利用模式 

分 类 号：TU982.29[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]