基于机会窗口视角的乡村转型研究  

A study of rural transformation based on the window of opportunity perspective

作　　者：张千禧 曹智[1] ZHANG Qianxi;CAO Zhi(Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS/Key Laboratory of Regional Sustainable Development Modeling,CAS,Beijing 100101,China;College of Resources and Environment,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所/中国科学院区域可持续发展分析与模拟重点实验室,北京100101 [2]中国科学院大学资源与环境学院,北京100049

出　　处：《地理研究》2025年第3期785-808,共24页Geographical Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重大项目(42293270);国家自然科学基金面上项目(42271279);国家自然科学基金重点项目(41931293)。

摘　　要：乡村衰退是一项全球性挑战,科学判断和把握乡村转型中的机会窗口对振兴乡村意义重大,但现有研究对此议题缺乏系统性梳理与探讨。本研究基于机会窗口视角,结合乡村地域系统理论构建乡村转型机理分析框架,揭示不同定性与定量研究认知乡村转型过程和机理的内在共性、差异性及其原因。乡村转型机会窗口指特定时期内有利于乡村转型振兴的环境条件,包括政策、技术和市场三类。乡村转型振兴实质是“机会窗口打开—乡村主体回应—机会窗口内化”这一循环过程多次迭代的结果。机会窗口打开后,在政策支持、资金投入、基础设施和人才配备等乡村转型外部条件相似的情况下,之所以部分村转型振兴,而另一些村发展停滞乃至衰退,是因为各村政策执行、技术应用、市场开拓等回应-内化机会窗口的能力存在差异,乡村发展主体能否充分发挥主观能动性,及时、高效回应机会窗口并成功内化,决定了乡村转型的方向与程度。本文为乡村转型研究提供了新视角和新框架,提出了不同地区各类乡村发展主体回应机会窗口促进乡村转型振兴的可能对策,为丰富乡村转型理论研究并深化其实践价值提供了重要参考。Rural decline poses a global challenge,and accurately identifying and capitalizing on the window of opportunity within rural transformation is of profound significance for revitalizing rural areas in China and worldwide.However,current research lacks a systematic and comprehensive examination of this critical issue.This study constructs an analytical framework for understanding rural transformation mechanisms based on the window of opportunity perspective,integrated with rural regional system theory.This framework reveals the intrinsic commonalities and divergences in qualitative and quantitative research perspectives on the processes and mechanisms of rural transformation,along with their underlying causes.The concept of the window of opportunity for rural transformation refers to the advantageous environmental conditions,including policy,technology,and market factors,which support rural revitalization during specific periods.The essence of rural transformation and revitalization lies in the iterative cycles of"Opening of the window of opportunity-Response of rural actors-Endogenization of the window of opportunity."Following the window of opportunity opening,villages usually encounter similar external conditions,such as policy support,financial investment,infrastructure development,and talent allocation.Despite this,significant disparities emerge in transformation outcomes,with some villages achieving revitalization while others stagnate or decline.These differences stem from variations in each village's capacity to respond to and internalize the opportunities,which depend on factors such as the effectiveness of policy implementation,the extent of technological application,and the scope of market expansion efforts.The success of rural transformation ultimately hinges on the ability of rural development actors to activate their agency,respond promptly and strategically to opportunities,and effectively internalize the advantages of the window of opportunity.This ability determines not only the direction of transf

关 键 词：机会窗口 乡村转型 乡村地域系统 乡村振兴 

分 类 号：F323[经济管理—产业经济]