某进口“氧化锌混合物”的表征和属性鉴别方法探讨  

Discussion on characterization and attribute identification method of one imported “zinc oxide mixture”

作　　者：吕晓华 王婷 胡小霞 张金龙 冯均利 张庆建 LÜXiaohua;WANG Ting;HU Xiaoxia;ZHANG Jinlong;FENG Junli;ZHANG Qingjian(Urumqi Customs Technology Center,Urumqi 830063,China;Shenzhen Customs Industrial Product Detection Technology Center,Shenzhen 518067,China;School of Environment and Municipal Engineering,Qingdao University of Technology,Qingdao 266520,China)

机构地区：[1]乌鲁木齐海关技术中心,新疆乌鲁木齐830063 [2]深圳海关工业品检测技术中心,广东深圳518067 [3]青岛理工大学环境与市政工程学院,山东青岛266520

出　　处：《冶金分析》2025年第2期34-41,共8页Metallurgical Analysis

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区重点研发项目(2019B000002);海关总署科研资助项目(2024HK245)。

摘　　要：采用X射线荧光光谱(XRF)、X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜/X射线能谱(SEM/EDS)、矿物自动分析系统(MLA)以及标准方法等多分析技术联用手段,对某疑似固体废物的进口“氧化锌混合物”进行表征和分析。通过将样品的外观、组成、理化和微观形貌等特征,与委托方提供的货物工艺来源信息、含锌矿物、含氧化锌产品及检索的相关文献资料等进行比对和匹配。结果表明:样品外观呈乳白色粉末状,主要是由氧化锌、硫酸铅组成,并含少量碱式硫酸铅、硅锌矿。样品中铁、氟、氯、镉、汞、砷、铅含量(质量分数,下同)分别为0.52%、0.04%、0.62%、0.16%、0.000 2%、0.26%,11.08%,其中氧化锌含量为81.25%,样品的化学成分符合YS/T 1343—2019《锌冶炼用氧化锌富集物》等级要求。样品来源可能为以低品位的锌矿和锌精矿的浸出渣等含锌物料为原料,通过回转窑火法还原挥发富集加工后得到的氧化锌富集物。依照《中华人民共和国固体废物污染环境防治法》以及GB 34330—2017《固体废物鉴别标准通则》,鉴别该含氧化锌混合物不属于固体废物。One imported“zinc oxide mixture”,which was a suspected solid waste,was characterized and analyzed by the means of multiple analysis methods including X-ray fluorescence spectrometry(XRF),X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscopy-X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy(SEM/EDS),automatic mineral liberation analyzer(MLA)and standard methods.The characteristics of sample such as appearance,composition,physicochemical property and micromorphology were compared and matched with the commodity process source information provided by the client,the zinc-containing minerals,the zinc oxide products and retrieved relevant literature.The results showed that the appearance of the sample was milky white powdery,and it was mainly composed of zinc oxide and lead sulfate.Moreover,it also contained a small amount of alkaline lead sulfate and silicon-zinc ore.The content(mass fraction)of iron,fluorine,chlorine,cadmium,mercury,arsenic and lead in the sample was 0.52%,0.04%,0.62%,0.16%,0.0002%,0.26%and 11.08%,respectively.The content of zinc oxide was 81.25%.The chemical composition of the sample conformed to level requirements in the standards of YS/T 1343-2019 Zinc Oxide Riches for Zinc Smelting.The sample source may be the zinc oxide enriched materials which were obtained by reducing volatilization and enrichment processing through the rotary kiln fire method using the zinc-containing materials such as leaching slag from low-grade zinc ore and zinc concentrate as raw materials.In accordance with The law of the People's Republic of China on the prevention and control of environmental pollution by solid waste and GB 34330-2017 Identification standards for solid wastes general rules,such mixture containing zinc oxide did not belong to solid waste.

关 键 词：氧化锌 混合物 固体废物 属性鉴别 X射线荧光光谱(XRF) X射线衍射(XRD) 扫描电子显微镜/X射线能谱(SEM/EDS) 矿物自动分析系统(MLA) 

分 类 号：TF813[冶金工程—有色金属冶金] O657.34[理学—分析化学] TG115.21[理学—化学]