上海市杨浦区急性呼吸道感染病例流行病学和病原学特征分析  

Epidemiological and etiological characteristics of acute respiratory infections in Yangpu District,Shanghai

作　　者：徐婷 李佳 吴丽婷 程子恩 姜爱娟 赵红丹 庄文芳 XU Ting;LI Jia;WU Liting;CHENG Zien;JIANG Aijuan;ZHAO Hongdan;ZHUANG Wenfang(Department of Clinical Laboratory,Shidong Hospital,Yangpu District,Shanghai/Shidong Hospital Affiliated to University of Shanghai for Science and Technology,Shanghai 200438,China)

机构地区：[1]上海市杨浦区市东医院/上海理工大学附属市东医院检验科,上海200438

出　　处：《国际检验医学杂志》2025年第6期733-737,共5页International Journal of Laboratory Medicine

基　　金：杨浦区重点学科项目(22YPZB03);杨浦区双委课题(YPM202309);上海市杨浦区市东医院院级课题(YJYB27)。

摘　　要：目的分析上海市杨浦区急性呼吸道感染的流行病学和病原学特征,为呼吸道感染防治提供科学依据。方法选取2023年6月至2024年6月在该院诊断为急性呼吸道感染的患者1062例为研究对象,检测患者鼻咽拭子标本的13种病原体核酸并计算阳性率,分析不同年龄段人群、季节阳性率。结果1062例患者中,共检出阳性716例,总阳性率为67.42%,其中单重感染577例,阳性率为54.33%,阳性率前5位的病原体为肺炎支原体(MP,16.48%),人冠状病毒(HCOV,9.42%),人鼻病毒(HRV,7.63%),人偏肺病毒(HMPV,5.46%),副流感病毒(HPIV,3.39%)。多重病原体感染139例,阳性率为13.09%,其中MP、HRV、HCOV为优势病原体,易发生多重感染。儿童呼吸道病原体总阳性率为86.38%、单重感染阳性率及多重感染阳性率分别为65.12%和21.26%,均明显高于其他年龄段人群(P<0.05)。在577例单重感染中,儿童主要感染病原体为MP和HRV,青年患者和中年患者主要感染病原体均为MP和HCOV,老年患者主要感染病原体为HCOV、HRV。冬季病原体总阳性率最高(69.88%),夏季总阳性率最低(49.54%)。其中,HRV在春季阳性率最高,HCOV在夏季阳性率最高,MP在秋季阳性率最高,流感病毒(包括甲型流感病毒、甲型H3N2流感病毒、乙型流感病毒)在冬季阳性率最高(P<0.05)。结论上海市杨浦区急性呼吸道感染病原体前5位依次为MP、HCOV,HRV,HMPV,HPIV,病原学特征与患者年龄及季节有关。Objective To analyze the epidemiological and pathogenic characteristics of acute respiratory infection in Yangpu District of Shanghai,and to provide scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of respiratory tract infection.Methods A total of 1062 patients diagnosed with acute respiratory infection in the hospital from June 2023 to June 2024 were selected as the research objects.The nucleic acid of 13 pathogens in nasopharyngeal swabs of patients was detected and the positive rate was calculated.The positive rate of different age groups and seasons was analyzed.Results Among 1062 patients,716 cases were detected positive,the total positive rate was 67.42%,of which 577 cases were single infection,the positive rate was 54.33%.The top five positive pathogens were Mycoplasma pneumoniae(MP,16.48%),human coronavirus(HCOV,9.42%),human rhinovirus(HRV,7.63%),human metapneumovirus(HMPV,5.46%)and parainfluenza virus(HPIV,3.39%).A total of 139 cases were infected with multiple pathogens,with a positive rate of 13.09%.MP,HRV,and HCOV were the dominant pathogens,which were prone to multiple infections.A total of 139 cases were infected with multiple pathogens,with a positive rate of 13.09%.MP,HRV,and HCOV were the dominant pathogens,which were prone to multiple infections.The total positive rate of respiratory pathogens in children was 86.38%,the positive rates of single infection and multiple infection were 65.12%and 21.26%,respectively,which were significantly higher than those in other age groups(P<0.05).Among the 577 children with single infection,MP and HRV were the main pathogens in children,MP and HCOV were the main pathogens in young and middle-aged patients,and HCOV and HRV were the main pathogens in the elderly patients.The total positive rate of pathogens was the highest in winter(69.88%),and the lowest in summer(49.54%).HRV had the highest positive rate in spring,HCOV had the highest positive rate in summer,MP had the highest positive rate in autumn,and influenza virus(including influenza A virus,influenza A/

关 键 词：急性呼吸道感染 流行病学特征 病原体 

分 类 号：R56[医药卫生—呼吸系统] R440[医药卫生—内科学]