从“小邦”意识到“天下观”:周人族群地理观的转变  

From the Consciousness of“Small State”to the View of“All under Heaven”:The Transformation of Geographical Views of the Zhou Ethnic Group

作　　者：唐明亮[1] Tang Mingliang

机构地区：[1]南通大学历史文化学院,江苏南通226019

出　　处：《中原文化研究》2025年第2期51-60,共10页The Central Plains Culture Research

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“春秋世卿政权结构演变研究”(20BZS019)。

摘　　要：周人的族群地理观是随其所处族群地理形势的变化而逐渐演变的。先周时期,周人在对外关系中表现出明显的“小邦”意识。武王克商以后,周人力求确立统治殷民的合法性,于是宣扬“天命”,但尚未树立天下共主的意识。平定“三监”叛乱之后,周人继续推行分封制,以天下共主自居,初步具备了“天下观”。经由春秋时期的族群融合,周文化取得了完全主导的地位,尽管周王室已经衰微,但周初确立起来的“天下观”却日趋完善。“天命观”和“天下观”思想,是周人针对不同族群地理形势而提出的族群地理观,成为后世历代王朝构建统治秩序、处理民族关系的根本理论。The ethnic geographical views of the Zhou ethnic group evolved in response to the changing geographical contexts of their respective ethnic groups.During the pre-Zhou period,the Zhou ethnic group showed a clear sense of small state in their foreign relations.After King Wu conquered the Shang Dynasty,the Zhou ethnic group sought to legitimize their dominance over the remnants of the Shang Dynasty by promoting the view of“mandate of heaven”,although they had not yet establish the view of“common ruler all under heaven”.After suppressing the rebellion of the three feudal lords,the Zhou ethnic group implemented a system of enfeoffment,and thus proclaimed themselves as co-rulers of the world,initially possessing the view of“all under heaven”.Throughout the Spring and Autumn period,the integration of various ethnic groups resulted in the Zhou culture attaining a dominant status.Although the Zhou royal family had declined,the view of“all under heaven”continued to mature and solidify.The view of“mandate of heaven”and“all under heaven”were proposed by the Zhou ethnic group based on the geographical situation of different ethnic groups,and became the fundamental theories for later dynasties to construct ruling order and managing ethnic relations.

关 键 词：周人 族群地理观 天命 天下观 

分 类 号：K224[历史地理—历史学]