气候变化与五代两宋时期民族迁徙的初步考察  

Climate Change and Ethnic Migration in the Five Dynasties and the Song Dynasty

作　　者：齐德舜[1] Qi Deshun

机构地区：[1]河南大学历史文化学院,河南开封475000

出　　处：《中原文化研究》2025年第2期78-84,共7页The Central Plains Culture Research

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“历史时期黄河流域气候变化与农耕文明演变”(22JJD770027);国家社会科学基金重点项目“宋代汉文文献吐蕃词汇整理与研究”(21AZS008)。

摘　　要：五代两宋时期是我国气候冷暖变化异常频繁的时期,突变的气候导致北方草原草场萎缩和生态失衡,世居在草原上的契丹、女真、蒙古等北方民族面临着巨大的生存压力,迫于生计而不得不内迁以求生存。其中就包括在寒冷和干旱气候的双重压力之下契丹族大举南迁,在冷暖气候的交替影响之下女真族南下并最终入主中原。13世纪持续的寒冷气候产生的风雪灾害和干旱气候使北方畜牧业原有的自然环境产生了显著的变化,蒙古人面临着前所未有的生存危机,从而不得不向外迁徙以寻求生存空间,以成吉思汗为首的部落集团选择以向外征伐的方式化解危机,最终导致了区域性人口的大规模迁徙。During the Five Dynasties and the Song Dynasty,the climate change in China was extremely frequent.The abrupt climatic shifts led to the shrinkage of northern grassland and an ecological imbalance.As a consequence of the immense pressure created by these changes,the Khitan,Jurchen,Mongolian and other northern ethnics were compelled to migrate to the interior area for survival.Under the double pressure of a colder and drier climate,the Khitan undertook large-scale southward migrations.Subsequently,the Jurchen moved southward and finally established the Jin Dynasty.In the 13th century,snowstorms and an arid climate caused significant changes on animal husbandry compared with the original natural environment.Confronted with the unprecedented survival crisis,the Mongolian people also migrated to seek living space.Meanwhile,the tribal groups headed by Genghis Khan sought to address these crises by expanding their territories through conquest,ultimately resulting in large-scale regional migrations.

关 键 词：气候变化 民族迁徙 契丹族 女真族 蒙古族 

分 类 号：K243[历史地理—历史学] K244[历史地理—中国史] K245