从“机器换人”到“人机共舞”:人工智能时代劳动主体的解构与重构  

From“Robots Replace Human”to“Man and Machine Dance Together”:Deconstruction and Reconstruction of Labor Subjectivity in the Context of Artificial Intelligence

作　　者：李小芬 吴国林 Li Xiaofen;Wu Guolin

机构地区：[1]华南理工大学马克思主义学院 [2]华南理工大学哲学与科技高等研究所、科学技术哲学研究中心

出　　处：《理论月刊》2025年第3期5-14,159,共11页Theory Monthly

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目(19ZDA038);中宣部文化名家暨“四个一批”人才项目(x2sxN2200060)。

摘　　要：随着人工智能逐渐扮演以往专属于人类的角色,人类社会正发生深刻变革。人工智能具有类人认知、类人意志和类人情感能力,能够作为类人主体而存在,极大地增强社会总体的劳动能力。然而,智能技术的资本主义应用对劳动主体进行了深度解构,主要表现为:平台劳动下“随机而动”引发层次性解构,数字劳动下“人机交互”引发结构性解构,智能技术与资本合谋下“机器换人”引发整体性解构。对此,必须推动智能技术的社会主义应用,构建“人机共舞”新格局:在技术层面,保持对技术的追问,挣脱技术资本逻辑;在人的层面,塑造赛博格主体,复归人的创造本质;在制度层面,创设优良制度环境,规避“机器换人”风险。As artificial intelligence are occupying more and more roles that were previously exclusive to human beings,profound changes are taking place in human society.Artificial intelligence has human-like cognition,will and emotions,and can exist as a human-like subject,which greatly enhances the labor capacity of society as a whole.However,the capitalist application of intelligent technology has substantially deconstructed the labor subject,which is mainly manifested in the hierarchical deconstruction caused by“people move with machines”under platform labor,the structural deconstruction caused by“human-computer interaction”under digital labor,and the overall deconstruction caused by“the robots replace human”in the collusion of intelligent technology and capital.In this regard,it is necessary to realize the socialist application of intelligent technology and build a new pattern of“man and machine dance together”.On the technical level,it is crucial to question technology and get rid of the logic of technical capital.On the human level,it is important to shape the cyborg subject and return to the essence of human creation.On the institutional level,it is beneficiary to create a good institutional environment to avoid the risk of“robots replace human”.

关 键 词：人工智能 主体 机器换人 数字劳动 平台劳动 

分 类 号：A811[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学]