玉树地区夏季一次对流云降水过程的云微物理特征分析  

Cloud Microphysics of a Summer Precipitation Process at Yushu over the Tibetan Plateau

作　　者：杨显玉 吕雅琼 文军 王文雷 胡芩 孟宪红 陈绍婕 郑佳锋 王梓奕 Yang Xianyu;LU Yaqiong;Wen Jun;Wang Wenlei;Hu Qin;MENG Xianhong;Chen Shaojie;Zheng Jiafeng;Wang Ziyi(Plateau Atmosphere and Environment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province,School of Atmospheric Sciences,Chengdu University of Information Technology,Chengdu 610225,Sichuan,China;Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment,Chinese academic science,Heavy Rain and Drought-Flood Disasters in Plateau and Basin Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province,Chengdu 610041,Sichuan,China;Heavy Rain and Drought-Flood Disasters in Plateau and Basin Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province,Chengdu 610041,Sichuan,China;Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,Gansu,China;Chongqing Dianjiang County Meteorological Bureau,Chongqing 408300,China)

机构地区：[1]成都信息工程大学大气科学学院,高原大气与环境四川省重点实验室,四川成都610225 [2]中国科学院成都山地灾害与环境研究所,四川成都610041 [3]高原与盆地暴雨旱涝灾害四川省重点实验室,四川成都610041 [4]中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院,甘肃兰州730000 [5]重庆市垫江县气象局,重庆408300

出　　处：《高原气象》2025年第2期292-301,共10页Plateau Meteorology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42375032);中国科学院西部之光实验室交叉团队项目(202215);中国科学院、水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所科研项目(IMHE-ZDRW-06);成都信息工程大学大学生创新创业训练计划项目(202310621013)。

摘　　要：本文旨在研究青藏高原(以下简称高原)玉树地区对流云的微物理结构和水凝物转化过程,利用中尺度数值预报模式WRF结合2019年夏季在青海玉树地区的观测资料,分析玉树地区夏季一次对流降水过程。结果表明:(1)WRF模拟所得24 h累计降水量与玉树站点观测降水量相近,模拟降水回波的时空分布与Ka毫米波云雷达探测结果基本一致,表明模拟结果可靠。(2)降水云中各相态粒子有明显的垂直分布结构,固态水凝物的大值中心位置均较高,其中云冰的大值中心所处位置最高位于200 hPa附近;液态水凝物的大值中心在500 hPa;水汽的大值中心高度最低位于500 hPa以下,其极大值中心早于其他粒子出现。(3)云的微物理转化过程中,云水对降水的贡献最大,水汽通过凝华形成雪、霰等水凝物,冰相粒子通过聚集、贝杰龙过程、碰连、碰并等过程相互转化形成霰和雪粒子,最终随高度下降,冰相粒子融化后与云水相互结合,加速了云水向雨水的转化。This study aims to investigate the microphysical structure and hydrometeor conversion processes of convective clouds in the Yushu region of the Tibetan Plateau(referred to as the Plateau).Using the WRF mesoscale numerical forecast model combined with observational data from the Yushu region in Qinghai during the summer of 2019,we analyzed a summer convective precipitation event in the Yushu area.The results show:(1)The 24-hour cumulative precipitation simulated by WRF is similar to the observed precipitation at the Yushu station.The spatial and temporal distribution of simulated precipitation echoes is generally consistent with Kaband millimeter-wave cloud radar detection results,indicating the reliability of the simulation results.(2)Particles of different phases in precipitation clouds show distinct vertical distribution structures.The maximum centers of solid hydrometeors are all at relatively high altitudes,with cloud ice's maximum center being the highest at around 200 hPa.The maximum center of liquid hydrometeors is at 500 hPa.Water vapor's maximum center is at the lowest height,below 500 hPa,and its maximum value appears earlier than other particles.(3)In cloud microphysical conversion processes,cloud water makes the largest contribution to precipitation.Water vapor forms snow,graupel,and other hydrometeors through deposition.Ice-phase particles transform into graupel and snow particles through processes such as aggregation,Bergeron process,collection,and collision-coalescence.As they descend,ice-phase particles melt and combine with cloud water,accelerating the conversion of cloud water to rainwater.

关 键 词：玉树 对流云 数值模拟 云微物理 

分 类 号：P421.1[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]