基于稠密雨量观测的四川省复杂地形降水特征分析  

Analysis of Precipitation Characteristics of Complex Terrain in Sichuan Province Based on Spatially Dense Rainfall Observation

作　　者：周秋雪[1,2] 康岚 龙柯吉[1] 冯良敏 ZHOU Qiuxue;KANG Lan;LONG Keji;FENG Liangmin(Sichuan Meteorological Observatory,Chengdu 610072,Sichuan,China;Heavy Rain and Drought-Flood Disasters in Plateau and Basin Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province,Chengdu 610072,Sichuan,China)

机构地区：[1]四川省气象台,四川成都610072 [2]高原与盆地暴雨旱涝灾害四川省重点实验室,四川成都610072

出　　处：《高原气象》2025年第2期302-310,共9页Plateau Meteorology

基　　金：中国气象局气象能力提升联合研究专项重点专项(22NLTSZ006);中国气象局创新发展专项(CXFZ2023J067,CXFZ2024J013,CXFZ2023J028);四川智能网格预报创新团队项目(SCQXCXTD-202201);四川省科技厅自然科学基金面上项目(2023NSFS0244);四川省重点实验室项目(SCQXKJYJXMS202112)。

摘　　要：基于四川省空间稠密的3454个站点逐小时降水资料及高精度格点海拔高度资料,对四川省7个区域近10年的降水特征进行分析。研究发现:(1)四川省汛期雨量有三个大值中心:盆地西南部雅安、盆地西北部安州区和攀西地区南部盐边,其中安州区是全省的大暴雨中心,汛期雨量主要由R_(24)≥100 mm的天气过程贡献。(2)受山脉走向和地形陡峭程度影响,盆周大值区形态和等值线梯度均有明显差异,且累积雨量越大,站点越向山脉迎风坡集中。(3)夜雨比率自西南向东北逐渐减弱,其中攀枝花夜雨比率为全省最大。(4)大雨及以上量级的强降水雨日分布与地形关系密切,大暴雨日站点仅分布在盆地西部与高原的陡峭过渡区。另外盆地西北部暴雨日中出现小时雨强≥50 mm·h^(-1)的站点比率最高。(5)相较持续性大雨而言,持续性暴雨的站点分布受迎风坡地形影响更加显著。Based on the hourly precipitation data of 3454 stations with dense space in Sichuan Province and the high-precision grid elevation data,the characteristics of precipitation in flood season in 7 regions of Sichuan Province in recent 10 years were analyzed.The results showed that:(1)There were 3 maximum centers of rainfall in flood season in Sichuan Province:Ya'an in the southwest of the basin,Anxian in the northwest of the basin and Yanbian in the south of Panxi area.Anxian was the center of heavy rainstorm,and the rainfall in flood season was mainly contributed by the weather process of R24≥100 mm.(2)Affected by the trend of the mountains and the steepness of the terrain,the morphology and isoline gradient of the large value area around the basin had obvious differences.And the larger the accumulated rainfall in flood season,the more the sites were concentrated on the windward slope of the mountains.(3)The degree of night rain gradually weakened from southwest to northeast,among which Panzhihua was the most significant area of night rain in flood season.(4)The daily distribution of R_(24)≥25 mm heavy rainfall was closely related to topography,and the heavy rainfall stations were only distributed in the steep transition zone between the western basin and the plateau.In addition,the percentage of stations with hourly rain intensity≥50 mm·h^(-1) in the rainstorm days in the northwest of the basin was the highest.(5)Compared with persistent heavy rain,the site distribution of persistent heavy rain was more significantly affected by the windward slope topography.

关 键 词：四川 强降水 陡峭地形 夜雨 汛期 

分 类 号：P467[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]