南极中山站夏季低层大气风温湿特征研究  

Research on the Characteristics of Wind,Temperature,and Humidity in the Lower Atmosphere at Zhongshan Station in Antarctica in Summer

作　　者：华洋 王泓 李煜斌 孙启振[2] 王睿 高志球 HUA Yang;WANG Hong;LI Yubin;SUN Qizhen;WANG Rui;GAO Zhiqiu(School of Atmospheric Physics,Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology,Nanjing 210044,Jiangsu,China;National Marine Environmental Forecasting Center,Beijing 100081,China;Key Laboratory of Polar Science,Ministry of Natural Resources,Polar Research Institute of China,Shanghai 200136,China;State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry,Institute of AtmosphericPhysics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100029,China)

机构地区：[1]南京信息工程大学大气物理学院,江苏南京210044 [2]国家海洋环境预报中心,北京100081 [3]中国极地研究中心自然资源部极地科学重点实验室,上海200136 [4]中国科学院大气物理研究所,北京100029

出　　处：《高原气象》2025年第2期311-322,共12页Plateau Meteorology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFC3706303)。

摘　　要：利用南极中山站2018年11月至2019年2月及2019年12月夏季低层大气的观测数据,研究了该站点气象要素的廓线特征、日变化规律,及逆温层和急流等。风的分析结果显示,大部分时间该站点主要受到来自东至东北方向风的影响。风速随高度增加而快速增大,上午与下午的风速分别在约1.2 km处与0.8 km处达到峰值,而下午风速相对减小,可能与下降风的发展和热对流导致的湍流交换增强有关。低空急流大多集中在8~12 m·s-1的风速范围以及800~1600 m的高度层,并存在多层急流现象。温度观测揭示了位温廓线在地表附近形成超绝热层,而在此层以上至3000 m高度,位温逐渐递增,呈现出稳定的大气层结。逆温层的分析进一步揭示了显著的日变化特性,上午时段逆温层更厚且更接近地面,而下午则变薄但强度增加,揭示了太阳辐射和湍流强度的日变化对逆温层形成的影响。同时也出现了与多层急流相吻合的多层逆温现象,显示了逆温与急流引起的风切变之间的联系。湿度分析表明,比湿随高度递减,且在250 m以下递减率较大。下午比湿在地面至250 m范围内低于上午。对湿度分层现象的研究发现,比湿梯度变化的极大值高度与逆温层和低空急流的高度一致。This study examines observational data of the lower atmosphere during the summer seasons at the Antarctic Zhongshan Station from November 2018 to February 2019 and December 2019.It explores the profile characteristics and diurnal variations of meteorological elements,as well as inversions and jets at the station.The wind analysis reveals that the station experiences predominant winds from the east to northeast directions.Wind speeds increase sharply with altitude,peaking at approximately 1.2 kilometers in the morning and 0.8 kilometers in the afternoon,with lower speeds observed later in the day,possibly due to the development of downslope winds and enhanced turbulent mixing from thermal convection.Low-level jets are mostly concentrated in the speed range of 8~12 m·s-1 and at altitudes between 800~1600 m,with multiple layers of jets identified.Temperature observations show the presence of a superadiabatic layer near the surface,with potential temperature gradually rising above this layer up to 3000 m,indicating a stable atmospheric structure.Further analysis of inversion layers demonstrates significant diurnal variations,with thicker and closer-to-ground layers in the morning and thinner but more intense layers in the afternoon,influenced by solar radiation and turbulence intensity.Multiple inversion layers corresponding to multiple jets are also observed,highlighting the connection between inversions and wind shear induced by jets.Humidity analysis indicates a decrease in specific humidity with altitude,particularly pronounced below 250 m.Specific humidity levels are lower in the afternoon compared to the morning up to 250 m.The study of humidity stratification reveals that the heights of maximum gradient changes in specific humidity coincide with the heights of inversion layers and low-level jets.

关 键 词：南极中山站 低层大气 气象要素 低空急流 逆温层 

分 类 号：P412.3[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]