青藏高原东坡高冠层植被大气间的储存项对地表能量闭合度的影响研究  

The Impact of High Canopy Vegetation-Atmosphere Storage on Surface Energy Closure over the Eastern Slope of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau

作　　者：刘禹辰 李茂善 常娜 江永濠 王婷 胥佩 LIU Yuchen;LI Maoshan;CHANG Na;JIANG Yonghao;WANG Ting;XU Pei(School of Atmospheric Sciences/Plateau Atmosphere and Environment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province/Chengdu Plain Urban Meteorology and Environment Observation and Research Station of Sichuan Province,Chengdu University of Information Technology,Chengdu 610225,Sichuan,China;Gansu Meteorological Service Center,Lanzhou 730020,Gansu,China)

机构地区：[1]成都信息工程大学大气科学学院/高原大气与环境四川省重点实验室/成都平原城市气象与环境四川省观测研究站,四川成都610225 [2]甘肃省气象服务中心,甘肃兰州730020

出　　处：《高原气象》2025年第2期435-444,共10页Plateau Meteorology

基　　金：青藏高原第二次科学考察与研究计划项目(2019QZKK0103);国家自然科学基金项目(42230610);四川省自然科学基金项目(2022NSFSC0217);成都信息工程大学科研项目(KYTZ201721)。

摘　　要：近地层能量不闭合现象普遍存在,尤其是山地湖泊等复杂下垫面,由于地表的非均一性,能量闭合情况较差,其中山地高冠层植被大气间能量储存项对能量闭合度的影响往往被忽略。本文基于2022年6-10月成都信息工程大学峨眉山大气与环境综合观测试验站(以下简称“峨眉山站”)梯度塔气象资料、辐射观测资料和涡动协方差系统湍流观测资料。利用Ogive函数分析了适合于该森林站点湍流通量计算的平均时间,计算了地表热通量土壤热通量、各植被大气间的能量储存分项,并分析了考虑植被大气间的储存项后近地面能量平衡的变化。结果表明:延长计算湍流通量平均时间至60 min,一定程度上能够捕捉到某些时刻更大的湍涡,但和平均时间30 min相比,能量平衡比率降低,因此认为以30 min的平均时间计算湍流通量仍然适用于峨眉山站。植被大气间能量储存项对能量平衡比率的提升幅度约为3.65%,考虑此项在绝大部分时间有提升能量闭合度的作用,其中光合作用的能量储存项对提升能量闭合度的贡献最大,植被冠层储热项次之,然后是感热储存项,潜热储存项的贡献最小。高冠层植被大气间的能量储存项各项均具有明显的单峰日变化特征,植被冠层储热项峰值最高可达26 W·m^(-2),考虑植被冠层储热项的情况下能够提升1.57%的能量平衡比率;光合作用储存项峰值可达8 W·m^(-2)左右,日平均存储量约为141.6 W·m^(-2),是主要的能量储存项,考虑光合作用储存项后能够提升1.65%的能量平衡比率,占总体影响效果的45%。感热储存项峰值5 W·m^(-2)左右,潜热储存项量级很小,对能量闭合度的影响效果也很小。植被能量储存项除量级很小的潜热储存项外,其余项也不可忽略。在考虑植被大气间能量储存的情况下,能量闭合问题依旧存在,因此除了能量储存项外,山地下垫面诱发的大尺度涡旋的对�The phenomenon of near-surface energy budget imbalance is widespread,especially in the complex underlying surface such as mountain lakes.Due to the heterogeneity of the surface,the energy closure is poor,and the influence of the energy storage term between the atmosphere of the high canopy vegetation in the mountain on the energy closure is often ignored.This paper is based on the gradient tower meteorological data,radiation observation data and turbulence observation data of the eddy covariance system of Mount Emei Atmosphere and Environment Comprehensive Observation Experimental Station of Chengdu University of Information Technology(hereinafter referred to as"Mount Emei Station")from June 2022 to October 2022.The Ogive function was used to analyze the average time suitable for the turbulent flux calculation at the forest station,and the soil heat flux and energy storage between vegetation and atmosphere were calculated,and the changes of near-surface energy balance after considering the storage terms between vegetation and atmosphere were analyzed.The results show that extending the average time to calculate turbulent flux to 60 minutes can capture larger turbulent vortices at some moments to a certain extent,but the energy balance ratio is lower than the average time of 30 minutes,so it is considered that the average time of 30 minutes is still suitable for the calculation of turbulent flux at Emei Mountain Station.The energy storage item of vegetation atmosphere improves the energy balance ratio by about 3.65%.Considering that this item has the effect of improving energy closure in most of the time,the energy storage item of photosynthesis contributes the most to improving energy closure,followed by the heat storage item of vegetation canopy,followed by the sensible heat storage item,and the latent heat storage item contributes the least.All the energy storage items in the atmosphere of high canopy vegetation have obvious single-peak diurnal variation characteristics.The peak value of heat storage items in v

关 键 词：能量闭合度 能量储存项 涡动相关法 光合作用 森林下垫面 

分 类 号：P425.23[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]