横断山区东南缘洱海东岸风场及风切变时空特征研究  

Spatiotemporal Distribution Characteristics Research of Wind Field and Wind Shear on the East Coast of Erhai Lake in the Southeast Edge of Hengduan Mountain Area

作　　者：杨坤琳 高志伟 高兵 肖天贵[4] 杨根铨 YANG Kunlin;GAO Zhiwei;GAO Bing;Xiao Tiangui;YANG Genquan(Meteorological Bureau of Dali Bai Nationality Autonomous Prefecture of Yunnan Province,Dali 671000,Yunnan,China;Dali National Climate Observatory,Dali 671003,Yunnan,China;Dali Airport of Yunnan Airport Group Company,Dali 671000,Yunnan,China;College of Atmospheric Sciences,Chengdu University of Information Technology,Chengdu 610225,Sichuan,China;Hengduan Mountains Disaster Weather Research Center of China Meteorological Administration,Kunming 650034,Yunnan,China)

机构地区：[1]云南省大理白族自治州气象局,云南大理671000 [2]大理国家气候观象台,云南大理671000 [3]云南机场集团公司大理机场,云南大理671000 [4]成都信息工程大学大气科学学院,四川成都610225 [5]中国气象局横断山区灾害性天气研究中心,云南昆明650034

出　　处：《高原气象》2025年第2期462-474,共13页Plateau Meteorology

基　　金：2022年云南机场集团创新课题(2022JC01);云南省重点研发计划项目(202203AC100006);云南省气象局科研项目(YZ202223)。

摘　　要：风廓线雷达是一种具有较高时空分辨率且与探空资料具有较好一致性的探测大气风场垂直分布的遥感设备。大理机场位于横断山区东南缘的云贵高原西部,是典型高原机场,局地环流明显,风的影响对航空安全影响较大。应用大理机场2016-2022年风廓线雷达观测数据对风场垂直分布与风切变分布特征进行统计分析,能够帮助更好地理解复杂下垫面下的风场垂直结构特征,并对风切变影响进行评估,正确认识其对民航机场飞行安全的影响。研究发现:(1)冬春季水平风速较大,风速频率分布轮廓呈下窄上宽的喇叭形,夏季风速频率分布轮廓呈较为平直的顺S形,高低层风速分布区间相近,秋季则体现为夏季与冬季之间的过渡态,需注意1000 m附近的风速切变以及冬春季大风对航班安全的影响;(2)水平风向全年高层盛行偏西风,近地层为偏南风,500 m高度附近随高度的增加有风向转变现象,结合机场跑道方向,需考虑侧风分量变化对航班起降的影响;(3)平均纬向风速大小大于平均经向风速,风场日变化受到太阳辐射影响,13:00(世界时,下同)和00:00为纬向风速日变化的重要时间节点,07:00和02:00为经向风速日变化的重要时间节点;(4)垂直速度春冬偏大,频率分布分散程度较高,夏秋偏小,频率分布较为集中,下沉气流出现频率较上升气流偏高,有明显的日变化特征;(5)春季水平风垂直切变事件偏多,强度偏大,严重等级出现次数高,秋冬季次之,各个高度层上的多年平均风切变发生频次有明显差异,在840~900 m之间存在一个风切变的高发区,以1000 m高度为界,上下层风切变指数有明显差异。Wind profiling radar is a remote sensing device that boasts high spatiotemporal resolution and good consistency with sounding data,capable of probing the vertical distribution of atmospheric wind fields.Dali Airport,situated at the western edge of the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau,on the southeastern rim of the Hengduan Mountains,is a typical plateau airport characterized by pronounced local circulation,where wind significantly impacts aviation safety.By statistically analyzing the vertical distribution of wind fields and the characteristics of wind shear using Dali Airport's wind profiling radar observations from 2016 to 2022,this study aims to enhance our understanding of the vertical structural features of wind fields over complex underlying surfaces and assess the impact of wind shear on aviation safety at civil airports.Key findings include:(1)Horizontal wind speeds are higher in winter and spring,with wind speed frequency contours resembling a trumpet shape(narrow below,wide above).In summer,the contours exhibit a relatively straight and smooth S-shape,with similar wind speed distributions between the lower and upper layers.Autumn serves as a transitional period between summer and winter,necessitating attention to wind shear near 1000 meters and the impact of strong winds in winter and spring on flight safety.(2)The prevailing wind direction at higher altitudes throughout the year is westerly,while it shifts to southerly near the surface.At around 500 meters,a change in wind direction occurs with increasing altitude.Given the airport runway orientation,the impact of varying crosswind components on takeoffs and landings must be considered.(3)The mean zonal wind speed exceeds the mean meridional wind speed.Daily variations in wind fields are influenced by solar radiation,with 13:00(UTC,the same as after)and 00:00 marking crucial time nodes for zonal wind speed changes,and 07:00 and 02:00 for meridional wind speed changes.(4)Vertical velocities are greater in spring and winter,with more dispersed frequency distributi

关 键 词：风廓线雷达 水平风场垂直结构 垂直速度分布 风切变 

分 类 号：P407.2[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]