基于改进层次分析法(AHP)的河道健康评价研究  

Research on River Health Assessment Based on Improved Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP)

作　　者：吕新军 LYU Xinjun(Xinchang County River Embankment Authority,Xinchang 312500,Zhejiang,China)

机构地区：[1]新昌县河道堤防管理所,浙江新昌312500

出　　处：《浙江水利科技》2025年第2期34-38,共5页Zhejiang Hydrotechnics

摘　　要：河道健康评价是河道治理和管理的重要基础,针对传统的层次分析法(AHP)在多指标评价中存在主观性强、权重分配不够精细的问题,提出一种改进的层次分析法——AHP结合模糊综合评价法,以提高河道健康评价的科学性和精确性。通过引入模糊数学理论构建模糊关系矩阵进行模糊综合运算,得到各评价指标的模糊权重,并与传统层次分析法的初始权重相结合,采用加权平均法进行调整。选取某城市的一条典型河道进行实地应用,建立包括水质理化指标、生物指标、河流形态指标、水文指标和河岸带指标在内的评价体系,全面评价河道健康状况。结果表明,改进的层次分析法在减少主观性影响、提高权重分配的精确性和评价结果的客观性方面有显著提升。这为河道健康评价提供了新的技术手段,为河道治理和生态修复提供了科学依据。River health assessment is a crucial foundation for river management and restoration.However,traditional Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP)methods in multi-criteria evaluation are often criticized for their strong subjectivity and insufficient precision in weight allocation.This paper proposes an improved AHP method that integrates the Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation Method to enhance the scientific accuracy and precision of river health assessments.By incorporating fuzzy mathematics theory,a fuzzy relation matrix is constructed,and fuzzy comprehensive operations are performed to derive fuzzy weights for each evaluation criterion.These fuzzy weights are then combined with the initial weights obtained from traditional AHP using a weighted average method for adjustment.A typical river in a city was selected for practical application,where a comprehensive evaluation system was established,including water quality physicochemical indicators,biological indicators,river morphology indicators,hydrological indicators,and riparian zone indicators,to assess the overall health of the river.The results indicate that the improved AHP method significantly reduces subjective influence,enhances the accuracy of weight allocation,and increases the objectivity of the assessment results.This approach provides a new technical method for river health assessment and offers scientific support for river management and ecological restoration.

关 键 词：河道健康评价 层次分析法(AHP) 模糊综合评价法 指标体系 

分 类 号：TV882[水利工程—水利水电工程] X826[环境科学与工程—环境工程]