冷拉07Cr17Ni7Al微细丝材的组织及性能演变规律  

Evolution of microstructure and properties of cold-drawn 07Cr17Ni7Al ultrafine wire

作　　者：何钦生 王建桥 赵振 李方 张十庆 王宏 邹兴政 唐远寿 黄敏 黎静 HE Qinsheng;WANG Jianqiao;ZHAO Zhen;LI Fang;ZHANG Shiqing;WANG Hong;ZOU Xingzheng;TANG Yuanshou;HUANG Min;LI Jing(Department of Functional Materials and Components,Chongqing Materials Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,Chongqing 400707,China;College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering,Chongqing University,Chongqing 400044,China;National Instrument Functional Material Engineering Technology Research Center,Chongqing 400707,China;College of Materials Sciences and Engineering,Chongqing School,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Chongqing 400714,China;Chongqing Key Laboratory of High Performance Corrosion Resistant Alloys,Chongqing 400707,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆材料研究院有限公司功能材料元件所,重庆400707 [2]重庆大学机械与运载工程学院,重庆400044 [3]国家仪表功能材料工程技术研究中心,重庆400707 [4]中国科学院大学重庆学院材料科学与工程学院,重庆400714 [5]高性能耐腐蚀合金重庆市重点实验室,重庆400707

出　　处：《材料工程》2025年第3期83-94,共12页Journal of Materials Engineering

基　　金：国机研究院青年科研基金项目(SINOMAST-QNJJ-2022-03);重庆英才·创新创业示范团队项目(CQYC202003182);重庆英才·创新领军人才项目(cstc2022ycjh-bgzxm0217)。

摘　　要：材料的弹性极限是弹簧设计中极为重要的参数,对弹簧的特性有显著影响。针对直径为0.3 mm的阀门弹簧用07Cr17Ni7Al微细丝,通过室温拉伸、单臂弯曲法、光学显微镜、X射线衍射、扫描电镜研究了冷拉拔变形量对丝材强度、弹性极限、弹性后效和微观组织的影响,采用不同数学模型对变形量-马氏体含量、变形量-弹性极限、应力-弹性后效进行了分析。结果表明:固溶态07Cr17Ni7Al丝材由奥氏体和少量铁素体组成,冷拉拔使奥氏体转变为马氏体,随变形量增大,形变诱发马氏体增加。马氏体含量-冷拉等效应变关系符合Olson-Cohen模型,当冷拉等效应变达到1.64时,马氏体含量约92%,形变诱发马氏体达到饱和。丝材的抗拉强度-冷拉等效应变呈线性关系,变形量越大,抗拉强度越高。弹性极限随变形量增大而提高,弹性极限-冷拉等效应变呈“S”形曲线关系,且符合DoseResp模型,当冷拉等效应变达到1.64以上,弹性极限提高程度变小并趋于平缓。弹性后效随应力的提高而增加,符合PWL2模型,存在“弹性后效临界应力”,当应力超过该临界值后,弹性后效随应力增加的速率会提高2~11倍。冷拉等效应变为1.64~2.41时,丝材具有良好的力学性能和弹性性能。The elastic limit is a critical parameter in spring design,which has a significant impact on the spring characteristic.The influence of cold drawing on the strength,elastic limit,elastic after-effect,and microstructure of 07Cr17Ni7Al ultrafine wire with a diameter of 0.3 mm for valve springs is investigated using room temperature tensile tests,single arm bending method,optical microscope(OM),X-ray diffraction(XRD)and scanning electron microscope(SEM).Different mathematical models are used to fit and analyze the deformation and martensite content,deformation-elastic limit,and stress-elastic aftereffect.The results show that the solid solution 07Cr17Ni7Al wire is composed of austenite and a small amount of ferrite.Cold drawing transforms austenite into martensite,the content of deformation-induced martensite(DIM)increases with increasing deformation.The relationship between DIM content and colddrawn equivalent strain(η)conforms to the Olson-Cohen model.Whenηreaches 1.64,the DIM content is about 92%,and the DIM reaches saturation.The tensile strength of wire exhibits a linear relationship withη,and the larger the deformation,the higher the tensile strength.The relationship between the elastic limit and theηfollows an“S”shaped curve and conforms to the DoseResp model.The elastic limit increases with increasing deformation.When theηreaches 1.64 or more,the elastic limit tends to be gentle.The elastic after-effect increases with increasing stress,which conforms to the PWL2 model.There exists a“critical stress for elastic after-effect”.When the stress exceeds this critical value,the rate of elastic after-effect increases by 2-11 times with increasing stress.When theηis 1.64-2.41,the 07Cr17Ni7Al wire has good mechanical and elastic properties.

关 键 词：不锈钢 形变诱发马氏体 弹性极限 弹性后效 力学性能 微细丝 冷拉拔 

分 类 号：TB31[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程] TG142.1[金属学及工艺—金属材料] TG356.4[金属学及工艺—金属学]