西藏11种菊科药用植物染色体核型研究  

Chromosome Karyotype Analysis on 11 Species of Medicinal Plants in the Asteraceae from Xizang

作　　者：贺文琪 柴国柱 薛矗 山晓丹 兰小中[1,2] HE Wenqi;CHAI Guozhu;XUE Chu;SHAN Xiaodan;LAN Xiaozhong(The Center for Xizang Chinese(Tibetan)Medicine Resource,Xizang Agriculture and Animal Husbandry University,Linzhi Xizang 860000,China;Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Resources Conservation and Utilization of Xizang Autonomous Region,Xizang Agriculture and Animal Husbandry University,Linzhi Xizang 860000,China)

机构地区：[1]西藏农牧学院/西藏中(藏)药资源中心,西藏林芝860000 [2]西藏农牧学院/西藏自治区藏药资源保护与利用重点实验室,西藏林芝860000

出　　处：《种子》2025年第2期190-201,共12页Seed

基　　金：西藏农牧学院研究生教育创新计划项目(YJS2024-25);第四次全国中药资源普查西藏自治区中(藏)药资源普查项目(20200501-542301)。

摘　　要：为探究西藏菊科药用植物染色体核型的特点,使用植物传统压片法对西藏11种菊科药用植物进行了染色体核型研究,其中9种为首次报道。核型公式及不对称性:小舌紫菀:2 n=2 x=18=10 m+6 sm+2 sm(sat),2A;萎软紫菀:2 n=2 x=18=16 m+2 sm,1A;丝苞菊:2 n=2 x=36=32 m+4 sm,1A;川滇风毛菊:2 n=2 x=34=24 m+10 sm,2B;莱菔叶千里光:2 n=2 x=40=38 m+2 sm,1A;节花千里光:2 n=2 x=40=38 m+2 sm,2B;川西合耳菊:2 n=2 x=40=38 m+2 sm,2A;沼生橐吾:2 n=2 x=58=34 m+24 sm,2A;千花橐吾:2 n=2 x=58=42 m+16 sm,2B;反苞蒲公英:2 n=2 x=24=14 m+10 sm,2A;滇苦菜:2 n=2 x=10=2 m+6 sm+2 mt,2A。通过对这11种菊科药用植物进行核型进化趋势分析和聚类分析,结果表明,染色体进化程度依次为:滇苦菜>小舌紫菀>沼生橐吾>千花橐吾>反苞蒲公英>川滇风毛菊>莱菔叶千里光>萎软紫菀>丝苞菊>节花千里光>川西合耳菊,川西合耳菊和节花千里光从染色体水平上看亲缘关系较为接近。To investigate the karyotypic characteristics of Asteraceae medicinal plants in Xizang,a chromosomal karyotype analysis was conducted on 11 species using traditional plant squash methodology,with 9 species representing novel karyological reports.The karyotypic formulae and asymmetry indices were established as follows:Aster albescens:2 n=2 x=18=10 m+6 sm+2 sm(sat),2 A-type.Aster flaccidus:2 n=2 x=18=16 m+2 sm,1 A-type.Bolocephalus saussureoides:2 n=2 x=36=32 m+4 sm,1A-type.Saussurea wardii:2 n=2 x=34=24 m+10 sm,2B-type.Synotis solidaginea:2 n=2 x=40=38 m+2 sm,1A-type.Senecio nodiflorus:2 n=2 x=40=38 m+2 sm,2B-type.Synotis solidaginea:2 n=2 x=40=38 m+2 sm,2A-type.Ligularia lamarum:2 n=2 x=58=34 m+24 sm,2A-type.Ligularia myriocephala:2 n=2 x=58=42 m+16 sm,2B-type.Taraxacum grypodon:2 n=2 x=24=14 m+10 sm,2A-type.Picris divaricata:2 n=2 x=10=2 m+6 sm+2 mt,2A-type.Karyotypic evolutionary trend analysis combined with cluster analysis revealed the following descending order of chromosomal evolutionary advancement:Picris divaricata>Aster albescens>Ligularia lamarum>Ligularia myriocephala>Taraxacum grypodon>Saussurea wardii>Jacobaea raphanifolia>Aster flaccidus>Bolocephalus saussureoide>Senecio nodiflorus>Synotis solidaginea.Notably,Synotis solidaginea and Senecio nodiflorus exhibited close phylogenetic relationships at the chromosomal level.

关 键 词：菊科 药用植物 染色体 核型分析 

分 类 号：Q949.783.5[生物学—植物学]