低剂量电离辐射对DNA损伤修复影响研究进展  

Research progress on the effects of low dose radiation on DNA damage repair

作　　者：李想 刘明[1] 林海辉[1] 魏映虹 苏世标[1] LI Xiang;LIU Ming;LIN Haihui;WEI Yinghong;SU Shibiao(Institute of Occupational Health Assessment,Guangdong Provincial Hospital for Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment,Guangzhou,Guangdong 510300,China)

机构地区：[1]广东省职业病防治院职业卫生评价所,广东广州510300

出　　处：《中国职业医学》2024年第6期700-706,712,共8页China Occupational Medicine

基　　金：广东省医学科学技术研究基金(B2022129)。

摘　　要：低剂量电离辐射(LDR)的剂量较低,但其在职业健康、医疗辐射防护和环境保护等领域均具有重要意义;因此,LDR对DNA损伤修复的影响及其潜在机制,日益受到人们的关注。LDR主要通过直接或间接的方式作用于DNA分子,导致DNA双链断裂(DSBs),进而触发DNA损伤,形成簇集损伤,并诱导DNA损伤修复,对生物体产生潜在影响;但长期LDR暴露可能导致DNA修复系统功能障碍,增加DNA损伤积累风险。LDR诱导的DNA损伤应答(DDR)是一种适应性反应,DNA损伤修复是其主要机制之一;其中针对DSBs的修复尤为重要,主要修复方式包括同源重组和非同源末端连接。LDR还可能通过激活免疫细胞、增强细胞抗氧化能力,以及通过免疫/炎症反应和抗氧化反应等多种特定的生物学机制引发适应性反应。LDR的生物学效应主要包括细胞应激反应、细胞周期调控和旁效应等。未来需进一步探索LDR对生物体健康影响分子机制,评估其对辐射风险评估以及个体化防护措施的影响,以更好地理解辐射生物学的基本原理,为辐射防护、风险评估和损伤治疗提供科学依据。Low dose radiation(LDR)is a relatively low dose,but it is important in the fields of occupational health,medical radiation protection and environmental protection.Therefore,the effects of LDR on DNA damage repair and its potential mechanisms have attracted increasing attention.LDR mainly acts on DNA molecules in direct or indirect ways,leading to DNA double strand breaks(DSBs),which then triggers DNA damage,forms cluster damage,and induces DNA damage repair,which has a potential impact on organisms.However,long-term LDR exposure may lead to dysfunction of the DNA repair system and increase the risk of accumulating DNA damage.LDR-induced DNA damage response is an adaptive response,with DNA damage repair being one of its main mechanisms.The repair of DSBs is particularly important,with the main repair methods including homologous recombination and non-homologous end joining.LDR may also trigger adaptive responses by activating immune cells,enhancing cellular antioxidant capacities,and through varies of specific biological mechanisms such as immune/inflammatory response and antioxidant responses.The biological effects of LDR mainly include cell stress response,cell cycle regulation and bystander effect.In the future,it is necessary to further explore the molecular mechanism of LDR's impact on organism health and evaluate its impact on radiation risk assessment and individualized protective measures,to better understand the basic principles of radiation biology and provide scientific basis for radiation protection,risk assessment and injury treatment.

关 键 词：低剂量电离辐射 DNA损伤 DNA修复 DNA损伤应答 DNA双链断裂 生物学效应 辐射防护 研究进展 

分 类 号：R144[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]