天津市社区老年人生活方式综合评分与认知功能变化关联前瞻性研究  

A prospective study on association between comprehensive lifestyle scores and cognitive function changes in community-dwelling older adults in Tianjin city

作　　者：张沐雅 蔡鲜[2] 祖立平 赵会朝[4] 王天宇 李晨瑜 袁静 马菲 ZHANG Muya;CAI Xian;ZU Liping;ZHAO Huichao;WANG Tianyu;LI Chenyu;YUAN Jing;MA Fei(School of Public Health and Management,Tianjin Medical University,Tianjin 300070,China;Department of Clinical Laboratory,Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital,Tianjin 300052,China;Tianjin Nankai District Wangdingdi Hospital,Tianjin 300191,China;School of Medical Humanities,Tianjin Medical University,Tianjin 300070,China)

机构地区：[1]天津医科大学公共卫生学院流行病与卫生统计学系,天津300070 [2]天津医科大学总医院医学检验科,天津300052 [3]天津市南开区王顶堤医院,天津300191 [4]天津医科大学医学人文学院,天津300070

出　　处：《中国公共卫生》2024年第12期1452-1458,共7页Chinese Journal of Public Health

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(82373573);中国营养学会科研基金——纽崔莱植物功能成分与健康研究专项基金项目(CNS–NCL2023–71)。

摘　　要：目的 探究天津市社区老年人生活方式综合评分与认知功能变化的关联。方法 采用前瞻性队列研究方法,于2016年3—4月在天津市采用多阶段整群随机抽样获取65岁及以上老年人作为研究对象进行基线调查,包括基本人口学特征、生活行为习惯和健康状况,并根据超重或肥胖、体力活动量、吸烟、饮酒、饮食、睡眠情况构建生活方式综合评分,得分0~1定义为不良生活方式,2~4为一般生活方式,5~6为健康生活方式,2017—2019年每年进行一次随访,采用韦氏成人智力量表(中国修订版)测试认知状况,广义估计方程分析不同生活方式分组与认知功能变化的关联。结果 共纳入816名研究对象,平均年龄(76.60±9.46)岁,广义估计方程分析结果显示,与健康生活方式比较,不良生活方式与总智商(β=–2.839)、言语智商(β=–2.438)、操作智商(β=–2.987)、领悟(β=–1.260)、数字符号(β=–2.372)、木块图(β=–1.592)、物体拼凑(β=–1.974)得分降低均有统计学关联(均P <0.05)。结论 天津市某社区老年人不良生活方式与认知功能下降有关;坚持健康生活方式,可降低认知功能下降的风险。Objective To investigate the association between comprehensive lifestyle scores and changes in cognitive function among community-dwelling older adults in Tianjin city.Methods A prospective cohort study was conducted.From March to April 2016,eldly adults aged 65 years and above were recruited as research subjects in Tianjin through multi-stage cluster random sampling.Baseline data collection included basic demographic characteristics,lifestyle habits,and health status.A comprehensive lifestyle score was constructed based on overweight or obesity,physical activity,smoking,alcohol consumption,diet,and sleep.Scores of 0–1 were defined as unhealthy lifestyle,2–4 as average lifestyle,and 5–6 as healthy lifestyle.Annual follow-ups were conducted from 2017 to 2019.Cognitive function was assessed using the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale(Chinese revised edition).Generalized estimating equations were used to analyze the association between different lifestyle groups and changes in cognitive function.Results A total of 816 participants were included,with an average age of(76.60±9.46)years.Generalized estimating equation analysis showed that,compared with a healthy lifestyle,an unhealthy lifestyle was statistically associated with lower scores in full-scale intelligence quotient(β=–2.839),verbal intelligence quotient(β=–2.438),performance intelligence quotient(β=–2.987),comprehension(β=–1.260),digit symbol(β=–2.372),block design(β=–1.592),and object assembly(β=–1.974)(all P<0.05).Conclusions An unhealthy lifestyle is associated with cognitive decline among older adults in a community in Tianjin city.Adhering to a healthy lifestyle may reduce the risk of cognitive decline.

关 键 词：老年人 认知功能 生活方式 前瞻性队列研究 广义估计方程 天津市 

分 类 号：G63[文化科学—教育学]