论父母一方非法使未成年子女脱离对方监护的侵权责任  

On the Tort Liability of One Parent for Illegally Separating a Minor Child from the Other’s Custody

作　　者：郭明龙[1] 方卓尔 Guo Minglong;Fang Zhuoer(School of Law,Tianjin Normal University,Tianjin 300387)

机构地区：[1]天津师范大学法学院,天津300387

出　　处：《天津法学》2024年第4期61-68,共8页Tianjin Legal Science

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目“数据权之确权与交易利用规则研究”的阶段性成果,项目号:19YJA820013。

摘　　要：父母一方使未成年子女脱离对方监护是否构成“非法使被监护人脱离监护”,最高人民法院相关司法解释未臻明确,实践中也存争议。父母作为同等顺位监护人基于亲子关系共同享有对被监护人的抚养、教育与保护权利,父母子女之间的监护关系为监护权、抚养权与探望权的当然内容,抚养权与探望权系监护权概念下的种概念。一方未经对方同意非法使未成年子女脱离对方抚养、拒绝对方探望等行为均构成“非法使被监护人脱离监护”,应以侵权责任纠纷为案由,受害人一方有权依据《民法典》第1001条、第1165条及《精神损害赔偿解释》《民法典侵权责任编解释一》等规定提出财产损害和精神损害赔偿请求。如果侵权人婚内实施该侵权行为,受害人的请求权应受《民法典》中离婚损害赔偿制度的限制。The relevant judicial interpretations of the Supreme People's Court are not clear on whether it constitutes"unlawfully causing the ward to be separated from guardianship"when one parent unlawfully causes a minor child to be separated from the custody of the other party.There is also controversy in practice.Parents,as guardians of equal order,jointly enjoy the rights to support,educate,and protect the ward based on the parent-child relationship.The guardianship relationship between parents and children is the natural content of guardianship rights,custody rights,and visitation rights.Custody rights and visitation rights are sub-concepts under the concept of guardianship rights.If one party unlawfully causes the ward to be separated from the other party's support,visitation,etc.,without the other party's consent,it constitutes"unlawfully causing the ward to be separated from guardianship.The dispute over tort liability should be taken as the case reason,and the aggrieved party has the right to claim compensation for property damage and mental damage according to Article 1001,Article 1165 of The Civil Code of the People's Republic of China,and The Compensation for Mental Injury,Interpretation of the Tort Liability Section of the Civil Code(I)and other provisions.If the infringer commits the tort during the marriage,the claim of the aggrieved party should be subject to the limitations of compensation system for damages caused by the cause of divorce.

关 键 词：非法脱离监护 共同监护 损害赔偿 离婚损害赔偿 

分 类 号：D923[政治法律—民商法学]