从《民法典》到《信托法》:我国遗嘱信托的规范展开与规范续造  

From Civil Code to Trust Law:The Standardization and Continuation of Wills and Trusts in China

作　　者：王春梅 冀海虹 常新 Wang Chunmei;Ji Haihong;Chang Xin(Law School of Tianjin Normal University;Tianjin Hexin Notary Public Office;People’s Procuratorate of Fuyu County,Heilongjiang Province)

机构地区：[1]天津师范大学法学院 [2]天津市和信公证处 [3]黑龙江省富裕县人民检察院

出　　处：《天津法学》2024年第4期69-77,共9页Tianjin Legal Science

基　　金：构建“和信四库”安心家事法律服务体系项目的阶段性成果,项目编号:53WB2317。

摘　　要：因应信托和遗嘱信托实践发展带来修订《信托法》之需求,以及《民法典》对遗嘱信托规定之欠缺操作性,有必要在《民法典》和《信托法》框架下完成遗嘱信托的规范展开与规范续造。首先,基于遗嘱信托与合同信托具有相同的主体架构,以及遗嘱信托之独特特质,在分析指出遗嘱信托可以与合同信托共享某些主体规范的同时,对遗嘱信托独具的主体规范展开分析;其次,基于《信托法》之遗嘱信托与《民法典》遗嘱规范之有机关联,在《民法典》视域下对遗嘱信托能否突破必留份规则和欺诈信托中债权人撤销权展开规范分析;最后,由于遗嘱信托需要回到《信托法》进行专门规范,对遗嘱信托的成立、生效和遗嘱信托监察人制度之引进与完善进行规范续造,以推动我国遗嘱信托制度完善与信托实践发展。In response to the demand for revising The Trust Law and the development of trust and testamentary trust practices,as well as the lack of operability in Civil Code's provisions on testamentary trusts,it is necessary to complete the standardization and continuation of testamentary trusts within the framework of Civil Code and Trust Law.Firstly,based on the fact that testamentary trusts and contractual trusts have the same subject structure,as well as the unique characteristics of testamentary trusts,while analyzing that testamentary trusts can share certain subject norms with contractual trusts,the authors conduct an analysis of the unique subject norms of testamentary trusts.Secondly,based on the organic relationship between testamentary trusts under Trust Law and the testamentary norms under Civil Code,a normative analysis is conducted on whether testamentary trusts can break through the mandatory retention rule and the creditor's revocation right in fraudulent trusts from the perspective of Civil Code.Finally,due to the need to return to Trust Law for specialized regulation of testamentary trusts,the establishment and effectiveness of testamentary trusts,as well as the introduction and improvement of the testamentary trust supervisor system,need to be standardized and continued to be established,in order to promote the improvement of China's testamentary trust system and the development of trust practice.

关 键 词：民事信托 遗嘱信托 合同信托 《民法典》 《信托法》 

分 类 号：D922.282[政治法律—经济法学]