生态损害惩罚性赔偿数额认定规范、实践和理论分析  

Norms,Practice,and Theoretical Analysis of Determining the Amount of Punitive Damages for Ecological Damage

作　　者：王小钢 周雅 Wang Xiaogang;Zhou Ya(Law School,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300072,China)

机构地区：[1]天津大学法学院,天津300072

出　　处：《天津法学》2024年第4期78-85,共8页Tianjin Legal Science

摘　　要：生态损害案件中可以适用惩罚性赔偿。生态损害惩罚性赔偿数额可以采用“封顶倍数式”的计算模式。在基数认定上,可以将生态损害填补性赔偿数额作为惩罚性赔偿计算基数。由于生态损害填补性赔偿数额包括生态环境修复费用和生态环境价值损失,因而可以将生态环境修复费用和生态环境价值损失作为基数类型。在倍数认定上,不宜机械地选用二倍的倍数,而应在二倍以下的幅度内灵活确定惩罚性赔偿计算倍数。通过“封顶倍数式”模式计算出来的惩罚性赔偿数额是标准状态下的惩罚性赔偿数额,法院可以在此基础上酌情认定责任人应当实际承担的生态损害惩罚性赔偿数额。Punitive damages can be applied in ecological damage cases.The amount of punitive damages for ecological damage can be calculated by using the“capped multiple formula”.In terms of base determination,the amount of compensatory damages for ecological damage can be used as the calculation base for punitive damages.Due to the fact that the amount of compensatory damages for ecological damage includes the cost of ecological remediation and the loss of ecological value,the cost of ecological remediation and the loss of ecological value can be used as the base types.In the determination of multiples,it is not advisable to mechanically choose multiples of twice,but to flexibly determine the calculation multiples of punitive damages within the range of less than twice.The amount of punitive damages calculated through the“capped multiple formula”model is the punitive damages amount under standard conditions,and the court can determine the actual amount of punitive damages for ecological damage that the responsible party should bear based on this at its discretion.

关 键 词：生态损害 惩罚性赔偿 基数 倍数 封顶倍数式 

分 类 号：D922.68[政治法律—环境与资源保护法学]