鱼菜共生系统中的微生物群落研究进展与展望  

Research Progress and Prospects of Microbial Communities in Aquaponic Systems

作　　者：徐慧敏 陈曦 孟顺龙[1] 周剑[2] 范丁月 范立民[1] 宋超[1] 裘丽萍[1] 李丹丹[1] 方龙香 张露 XU Huimin;CHEN Xi;MENG Shunlong;ZHOU Jian;FAN Dingyue;FAN Limin;SONG Chao;QIU Liping;LI Dandan;FANG Longxiang;ZHANG Lu(Freshwater Fisheries Research Center,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Environmental Factors(Wuxi),Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Key Open Laboratory of Ecological Environment and Resources of Inland Fisheries,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Wuxi 214081,China;Fisheries Institute,Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Chengdu 611731,China;College of Fisheries and Life Science,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心、农业农村部水产品质量安全环境因子风险评估实验室(无锡)、中国水产科学研究院内陆渔业生态环境和资源重点开放实验室,江苏无锡214081 [2]四川省农业科学院水产研究所,四川成都611731 [3]上海海洋大学水产与生命学院,上海201306

出　　处：《渔业科学进展》2025年第2期15-26,共12页Progress in Fishery Sciences

基　　金：中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心基本科研业务费(2023JBFR01);国家特色淡水鱼产业技术体系(CARS-46);中国水产科学研究院基本科研业务费(2023TD18)共同资助。

摘　　要：鱼菜共生技术模式是一种高效绿色健康的循环农业模式,对于解决水产养殖污染、淡水资源紧张和水产品质量安全等问题具有重要意义。在鱼菜共生系统中,微生物在营养元素转化和动植物生长健康调节等方面发挥着关键作用,深刻影响着鱼菜共生系统中的生态平衡。近年来,随着分子生物学技术和生物信息技术等快速发展,鱼菜共生系统中的微生物群落多样性、组成及部分功能特征已经得到了关注。本文首先对鱼菜共生技术模式的发展情况进行了简介,其次对近年来与鱼菜共生系统相关的微生物群落多样性、组成、功能及其环境驱动因素等研究进展进行了总结论述,同时,对目前相关研究中存在的限制性进行了讨论,最后对未来研究需要加强的发展方向进行了展望,以期为鱼菜共生技术模式的未来发展提供微生物角度的见解。Aquaponics,which is widely considered as an efficient,ecological,and healthy aquaculture mode with notable implications for addressing issues such as aquaculture pollution,freshwater resource scarcity,and aquatic product quality,integrates the aquaculture and hydroponics.The definition of aquaponics remains controversial;however,the key lies in the symbiosis of aquatic animals and vegetables within a single system.Aquaponics encompasses various modes,such as the in situ mode combining pond aquaculture with ecological floating beds and the ex situ mode combining tank-based recirculating aquaculture and vegetable cultivation.Extensive research and discussion have been conducted on system design,aeration and filtration techniques,selection of plants and fish,nutrient balance,environmental control,disease management,and intelligent monitoring,providing technical support for constructing and operating aquaponic systems.Within the aquaponics system,microorganisms are crucial in nutrient transformation and the health of plants and animals,profoundly impacting the ecological balance of the system.Recently,with the rapid development of molecular biology and bioinformatics,genomic techniques such as amplicon-based high-throughput sequencing and qPCR have provided powerful support for analyzing the complex diversity,compositions,and functions of microbial communities in aquaponic systems.Regarding the diversity of microbial communities,studies have indicated higher bacterial community diversity in aquaponic systems than that in aquaculture systems.However,other studies have found no remarkable difference in bacterial diversity between aquaponic and aquaculture systems.Within the aquaponics system,notable differences were observed in the microbial community diversity among different microhabitats.Generally,the bacterial community diversity was the highest in the plant rhizosphere and biofilter and the lowest in the fish feces,with the bacterial diversity in the aquaculture water lying between the two.Various factors drive th

关 键 词：鱼菜共生 微生物群落 核心菌群 元素循环 群落构建机制 

分 类 号：S949[农业科学—水产养殖]