2018—2022年广东省农村饮用水硝酸盐暴露水平分析  

Analysis of nitrate exposure levels in rural drinking water in Guangdong Province from 2018 to 2022

作　　者：黄锦叙[1] 蒋静 许雪丹 陈秋霞[1] 李文洋 王道钦 陈曦[3] 屠鸿薇 HUANG Jin-xu;JIANG Jing;XU Xue-dan;CHEN Qiu-xia;LI Wen-yang;WANG Dao-qin;CHEN Xi;TU Hong-wei(Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Institute of Environmental and School Health,Guangzhou,Guangdong 511430,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]广东省疾病预防控制中心,环境与学校卫生所,广东广州511430 [2]南方医科大学公共卫生学院 [3]中国疾病预防控制中心环境与健康相关产品安全所,北京100021

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2025年第3期436-440,470,共6页Modern Preventive Medicine

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(82003487);广东省医学科研基金(C2023003)。

摘　　要：目的分析广东省农村饮用水硝酸盐的人群外暴露水平,为农村供水安全管理提供技术支撑。方法对2018-2022年广东省农村饮用水供水单位的出厂水和末梢水进行监测,依据《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2022)对水质硝酸盐达标情况进行评价。运用Kolmogorov-Smirnov检验来判定数据的正态性,不符合正态分布的数据用中位数描述,采用χ^(2)检验或Fisher确切概率法分析不同组间率的差异,Mann-Whitney U检验用于比较两组间硝酸盐暴露水平差异,Kruskal-Wallis H检验用于比较多组间硝酸盐暴露水平差异。结果共监测水样62998份,总体达标率为99.52%,硝酸盐暴露水平为0.001~63.80 mg/L,其在不同年份(H=445.586,P<0.01)、区域(H=2050.151,P<0.01)、水源类型(Z=-5.268,P<0.01)、水样类型(Z=-11.888,P<0.05)、供水能力(Z=-33.794,P<0.01)、水处理方式(H=27.750,P<0.01)和有无深度处理间(Z=-2.121,P<0.05)存在显著差异。结论广东省农村饮用水硝酸盐达标率总体较高,但需特别关注粤西和粤东部分地区、地下水源、分散式及小型集中式供水的硝酸盐污染,关注婴幼儿的高暴露风险。Objective To analyze the external exposure levels of nitrate in rural drinking water in Guangdong Province and provide technical support for the safety management of rural water supply.Methods Monitoring was conducted on the finished water and terminal water from rural drinking water supply units in Guangdong Province from 2018 to 2022.The compliance of nitrate levels in water quality was evaluated according to the Standards for Drinking Water Quality(GB 5749-2022).The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to determine the normality of the data.For non-normally distributed data,the median was used for description.The chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test was employed to analyze differences in rates between groups.The Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare nitrate exposure levels between two groups,and the Kruskal-Wallis H test was applied for comparisons among multiple groups.Results A total of 62998 water samples were monitored,with an overall compliance rate of 99.52%.The nitrate exposure levels ranged from 0.001 to 63.80 mg/L.Significant differences in nitrate exposure levels were observed across different years(H=445.586,P<0.01),regions(H=2050.151,P<0.01),water source types(Z=-5.268,P<0.01),sample types(Z=-11.888,P<0.05),water supply capacities(Z=-33.794,P<0.01),water treatment methods(H=27.750,P<0.01),and the presence or absence of advanced treatment(Z=-2.121,P<0.05).Conclusion The overall compliance rate of nitrate levels in rural drinking water in Guangdong Province is relatively high.However,special attention should be paid to nitrate pollution in certain areas of western and eastern Guangdong,groundwater sources,decentralized and small-scale centralized water supplies,as well as the high exposure risks for infants and young children.

关 键 词：硝酸盐 农村饮用水 暴露水平 

分 类 号：R123.1[医药卫生—环境卫生学]