面向山洪灾害防灾对象的雨量监测站点覆盖度评估方法及应用  

Method and Application of Rainfall Monitoring Station Coverage Assessment for Flash Flood Disaster Prevention Targets

作　　者：丁紫涵 桑国庆 刘微 张海坤 DING Zi-han;SANG Guo-qing;LIU Wei;ZHANG Hai-kun(School of Water Conservancy and Environment,University of Jinan,Jinan 250022,China;Hydrological Center of Shandong Province,Jinan 250000,China;Shandong Drought and Water Hazard Defense Center,Jinan 250013,China)

机构地区：[1]济南大学水利与环境学院,山东济南250022 [2]山东省水文中心,山东济南250000 [3]山东省水旱灾害防御中心,山东济南250013

出　　处：《水电能源科学》2025年第3期7-11,共5页Water Resources and Power

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年基金项目(42301046)。

摘　　要：山洪灾害在我国频发,对人民的生命、财产造成损失,系统评估雨量监测站网对防灾对象的监测效果是开展山洪防御工作的前提。为此,提出了一种面向山洪灾害防灾对象的雨量监测站点覆盖度评估方法。首先,基于汇流面积和洪水来源对防灾对象进行分类,然后按照类型属性和距离约束进行聚类分析,形成特征相似的防灾对象簇群作为评估对象;建立考虑地形因素的站点覆盖半径计算模型,量化各站覆盖区域;在此基础上,构建面向防灾对象的覆盖度计算模型,评估雨量监测站网对防灾对象的覆盖能力。在潍坊市大石河小流域的应用结果表明,相较于传统雨量站评估方法,该方法可实现雨量站对防灾对象监测的全面量化评估。Flash floods disasters occur frequently in China,causing losses to people's lives and property,and the systematic assessment of the monitoring effect of the rainfall monitoring station network on the prevention targets is a prerequisite for carrying out the work of flash flood defense.For this reason,a rainfall station coverage assessment method for flash floods disaster prevention targets is proposed.Firstly,the prevention targets are classified based on the catchment area and flood source,and then cluster analysis is performed according to the type attributes and distance constraints to form clusters of prevention targets with similar characteristics as the assessment targets.A calculation model for the radius of coverage of the stations considering the topographic factors is established to quantify the coverage area of each station;On this basis,a coverage calculation model for disaster prevention objects is constructed to assess the coverage ability of the rainfall monitoring station network on disaster prevention objects.Compared with the traditional rainfall station assessment method,the results of application in Dashi River sub-basin in Weifang City show that this method can realize the comprehensive quantitative assessment of rainfall station monitoring of prevention targets.

关 键 词：山洪灾害 防灾对象 聚类分析 雨量站 覆盖半径 覆盖度 

分 类 号：TV122[水利工程—水文学及水资源] P336[天文地球—水文科学]