论比例原则在平台数据调取中的适用  

On the Application of the Principle of Proportionality in Platform Data Retrieval

作　　者：舒鑫 SHU Xin

机构地区：[1]中国人民公安大学法学院,北京100038

出　　处：《公安学研究》2024年第6期45-63,121,共20页Journal of Public Security Science

基　　金：公安部科技计划公安理论及软科学面上项目“利用区块链犯罪的发展势态及全景式侦防对策研究”(2023LL42);中国人民公安大学拔尖创新人才培养经费支持研究生科研创新一般项目“大数据侦查下的网络平台协助责任研究”(2022yjsky016)。

摘　　要：平台数据调取措施在助力刑事案件高效侦办的同时,面临着概括干预公民及平台权利的风险,其背后是调取规范粗糙、审查程式简单、协助义务强制属性优位的制度局限性。为合理规制强制侦查措施,调节“公权力—私权力—私权利”三元结构,同频保障各方利益,需将目的正当、手段与目的适配、造成损害最低、损益均衡在平台数据调取中嵌入式适用。其制度层面的实定化路径包括搭建调取的层级化响应体系,优化合比例性的检察监督机制,完善案外第三人协助的经济激励举措。Platform data retrieval measures help the police to efficiently investigate criminal cases,but there is a risk of generally interfering with the rights of citizens and platform.Behind them are the institutional limitations of rough retrieval norms,simple review procedures and superior mandatory nature of assistance obligations.In order to reasonably regulate compulsory investigation measures,adjust the ternary structure of"public powerprivate powerprivate right"and protect the interests of all parties,it is necessary to embed the proper purpose,the adaptation of means and purposes,the minimum damage and the balance between profit and loss in platform data retrieval.The approaches are building a hierarchical response system,optimizing the proportional procuratorial supervision mechanism,and improving the economic incentive measures assisted by the third party outside the case.

关 键 词：数据调取 比例原则 平台治理 

分 类 号：D912.1[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]