新石器农民和猎民白陶形象和信仰之异同  

Differences and Similarities in the White Pottery Images and in the Beliefs of Neolithic Farmers and Hunters(Special Contribution)

作　　者：郭静云 郭立新[2,3] Guo Jingyun;Guo Lixin

机构地区：[1]南京大学全球人文研究院 [2]中山大学历史人类学研究中心 [3]中山大学人类学系

出　　处：《南方文物》2024年第6期1-10,22,共11页Cultural Relics in Southern China

摘　　要：白陶礼器反映华南先民文化精神,表达新石器中期人们崇拜太阳的涵义。可是,稻作农民和丘陵渔猎文化对拜日的角度有所不同。白陶纹饰中用于形容时空观念的日历纹、八角星图是洞庭平原稻作农耕文化内涵的表现。但在半流动的渔猎采集族群的手里,经过形象化的改造后,被转化为对拟禽兽化的太阳,以及对神禽兽本身的崇拜。华南游猎族群实源自旧石器时代末期,其精神文化具有古老、丰富而少变的特征,当其学习到新技术后,配合自身神秘形象观念而加以修改,从而再创造出山地与平原两种观念相混合的构图,用于描绘只有山地猎人才有的神秘化的生活场景,造型山水禽兽,房屋和祭祀场景。The white pottery ritual ware reflected the cultural spirit of the ancients in South China and expressed the worship of the sun in the middle Neolithic period.However,rice farmers and hill fishing and hunting cultures had different perspectives on sun worship.The calendar pattern and eight-pointed star map used to depict the concept of time and space in the white pottery ornament show the rice farming culture of the Dongting Plain.But in the hands of semi-nomadic fishermen,hunter-gatherers,they were transformed into the worship of the animalized sun and the mythical beast itself.Originating from the end of the Paleolithic Age,the nomadic tribes of South China possessed the characteristics of ancient,rich and unchanged spiritual culture,and when they learned new pottery technologies,they modified them with their own mystical image concepts,so as to create a compositions that mixed both concepts,the mountain and the plain.These compositions were then used to depict the mystical life scenes that only mountain hunters had:landscapes,waterfowl and beasts,houses and sacrificial scenes.

关 键 词：白陶 山地猎民 平原农民 皂市下层文化 高庙文化 千家坪 太阳崇拜 

分 类 号：K872[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]