论夏商之际王都布局与中国早期王都规划理念的形成  

An Analysis of the Layout of Royal Capitals During the Transition from Xia to Shang Dynasties and the RELICS Formation of Early Chinese Royal Capital Planning Concepts(Special Contribution)

作　　者：侯卫东[1] 李伊雯 Hou Weidong;Li Yiwen

机构地区：[1]河南大学黄河文明与可持续发展研究中心 [2]温州市朔门古港建设管理中心

出　　处：《南方文物》2024年第6期11-22,共12页Cultural Relics in Southern China

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“郑州商城与夏商之际社会变迁研究”(项目编号:21BKG003)的阶段性成果;河南大学黄河文化遗产实验室资助。

摘　　要：二里头夏都、郑州商城、偃师商城等三座夏商之际王都的布局,体现了中国早期王都已形成较成熟的规划理念,对后世王朝都城及中心城市的营建具有深远影响。从空间轮廓形态上看,三者均呈现出追求中轴对称和方正规矩的理念,郑州商城和偃师商城在继承二里头夏都规划理念的营造实践中又显示出因地制宜的务实传统。从城门与道路的布局上看,三座王都的差异较大,但这类要素在一定程度上可作为城内区域划分的界限。从功能分区上看,三者整体布局均呈现出以宫殿区为核心的多重结构,二里头夏都的网格状“里坊式”布局及各网格单元或属不同人群的特征,在郑州商城和偃师商城也有体现。二里头夏都已有较成熟的城市规划理念,经过郑州商城和偃师商城的继承和发展,逐渐形成历代王都所遵循的规划理念。The Erlitou Xia Capital,the Zhengzhou Shang City,and the Yanshi Shang City,as the capital cities during the transition of Xia and Shang dynasties,reflected the mature planning concepts of early Chinese royal capitals and had a profound impact on the construction of capital cities and central cities in later dynasties.From the perspective of spatial contour form,all three exhibit the concept of pursuing axial symmetry and square rules.The Zhengzhou Shang City and the Yanshi Shang City also demonstrated a pragmatic tradition of adapting to local conditions in the construction practice of inheriting the planning concept of the Erlitou Xia Capital.From the layout of the city gates and roads,there are significant differences among the three royal capital sites,but these elements can to some extent serve as boundaries for dividing the urban areas.From the perspective of functional zoning,the overall layout of the three capitals presents a multiple structure with the palace area as the core.The grid like"Li Fang style"layout of the Erlitou Xia Capital and the characteristics of each grid unit or belonging to different groups of people are also reflected in the Zhengzhou Shang City and the Yanshi Shang City.the Erlitou Xia Capital already had a relatively mature urban planning concept,which has gradually formed the planning concept followed by successive royal capitals through the inheritance and development of the Zhengzhou Shang City and the Yanshi Shang City.

关 键 词：二里头夏都 郑州商城 偃师商城 城市布局 规划理念 

分 类 号：K871.2[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]