超低温球阀密封零件的尺寸变化与结构分析  

Dimensional Change and Structural Analysis of Cryogenic Ball Valve Sealing Parts

作　　者：刘玉萍 LIU Yu-ping(Wuxi Smart Auto-Control Engineering Co.,Ltd.,Wuxi 214112,Jiangsu,China)

机构地区：[1]无锡智能自控工程股份有限公司,江苏无锡214112

出　　处：《阀门》2025年第3期334-342,共9页Chinese Journal of Valve

摘　　要：在航空航天、化工及能源领域,超低温阀门是系统稳定运行的关键,其密封结构性能至关重要。超低温下材料热膨胀系数、弹性模量等物理特性发生显著变化,将直接影响尺寸与配合精度。超低温球阀的数值模拟分析结果显示,同材料阀座与阀球的尺寸变化趋势一致,配合间隙稳定;无刚性约束时,温度主要影响变形量,对应力影响较小;超低温易导致结构突变处产生应力集中,结构设计时需力求简单、均匀且对称。此外,阀轴材料的热膨胀系数应高于衬套材料,以防阀轴运动卡涩。上述结论对超低温阀门的工程设计与优化有一定的借鉴意义。In the fields of aerospace,chemical industry and energy,the ultra-low temperature valve is the key to the stable operation of the system,and its sealing structure performance is very important.The physical properties such as thermal expansion coefficient and elastic modulus of materials change significantly at ultra-low temperature,which will directly affect the size and matching accuracy.The numerical simulation analysis results of the ultra-low temperature ball valve show that the size change trend of the valve seat and the valve ball of the same material is consistent,and the fit clearance is stable.When there is no rigid constraint,the temperature mainly affects the deformation and has litle effect on the stress.The ultra-low temperature is easy to cause stress concentration at the structural mutation,and the structural design should be simple,uniform and symmetrical.In addition,the thermal expansion coefficient of the valve shaft material should be higher than that of the bushing material to prevent the valve shaft from jamming.The above conclusions have certain reference significance for the engineering design and optimization of ultra-low temperature valves.

关 键 词：超低温阀门 球阀 密封件 尺寸变化 

分 类 号：TH134[机械工程—机械制造及自动化]