公共数据知识产权赋权的理论阐释与制度方案  

Theoretical Explanation and Institutional Program of Public Data Intellectual Property Rights

作　　者：刘鑫[1,2,3] 张俊豪 

机构地区：[1]中南财经政法大学国家治理学院 [2]中南财经政法大学知识产权研究中心 [3]中南财经政法大学数字法治研究院

出　　处：《电子知识产权》2025年第1期16-33,共18页Electronics Intellectual Property

基　　金：中南财经政法大学中央高校基本科研业务费项目“公共数据分级分类授权运营的实施框架及立法落实——基于地方政府公共数据授权运营政策文本的考察”(202511103)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：数字时代,公共数据的资源属性和流通价值日益凸显,亟须在公法规制路径之外,构建起以数据财产赋权为前提的公共数据知识产权制度。围绕公共数据的保护难题和知识产权的基础理论,可以从公共数据私法保护的必要性、公共数据作为知识产权客体的合理性,以及公共数据知识产权立法的可行性三个方面,为确立公共数据知识产权的正当性提供学理依据。为了制定系统性的公共数据知识产权规则,应建立公共数据知识产权确权机制,构筑起以数据生产者为权利主体,以公共数据成果为权利客体的基本权利结构,并阐明公共数据知识产权作为相对控制、有限排他的特殊财产权所具备的各项权能。更进一步,可以在公共数据确权的基础上,建立公共数据授权机制,针对公共政务数据和公共服务数据两种数据类型,分别设计与之相适配的授权实施模式,从而切实推动公共数据知识产权的权利运行和公共数据要素的市场流通。Since the advent of the digital era,the resource attributes and circulation value of public data have become increasingly prominent,necessitating the construction of a public data intellectual property rights(IPR)system premised on the empowerment of data property,beyond the scope of public law regulation.This paper addresses the challenges of public data protection and draws on fundamental intellectual property theories to examine the necessity of private law protection for public data,the rationality of recognizing public data as an intellectual property object,and the feasibility of public data IPR legislation.To establish systematic rules for public data IPR,it is essential to first develop a mechanism for the confirmation of public data rights.This involves constructing a basic rights structure where data producers are the rights holders and public data outputs are the objects of rights,while also clarifying the special property rights of public data IPR,characterized by relative control and limited exclusivity.Furthermore,on the basis of confirmed public data rights,a public data authorization mechanism should be established.This mechanism should include tailored authorization models for two types of data:public administration data and public service data.By designing appropriate authorization implementation models for these data types,this approach aims to effectively promote the exercise of public data IPR and facilitate the market circulation of public data elements.

关 键 词：公共数据资源 公共数据知识产权 公共数据确权 公共数据授权 

分 类 号：D92[政治法律—法学]