欧盟《人工智能法案》的域外效力研究  

Study on the Extraterritorial Effectiveness of the AI Act

作　　者：谢焱 叶知秋 

机构地区：[1]同济大学上海国际知识产权学院 [2]上海市浦东新区人民检察院张江地区人民检察院

出　　处：《电子知识产权》2025年第1期86-97,共12页Electronics Intellectual Property

基　　金：同济大学德国研究中心2024年度开放课题《欧盟人工智能战略布局中德国的应对路径与国际合作潜力研究》阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：人工智能技术的广泛应用对社会、经济、法律等领域产生了深远影响,引发了一系列亟待解决的法律问题。欧盟在《通用数据保护条例》成功实施的基础上,推出《人工智能法案》,旨在扩大其域外效力。该法案域外效力可以解构为“投放地标准”和“效果原则”:前者根据欧盟境内的活动程度设定监管义务,后者则基于在欧盟内产生的实质性影响及受影响者位置拓展管辖范围。然而,长臂管辖的实施面临着挑战,需平衡各国法律差异,尊重他国主权,同时紧跟技术发展步伐,确保既促进创新又有效管理风险。为此,欧盟需加强国际合作,通过对话协商与标准互认,共同构建适应人工智能时代的国际法律秩序。这将有助于促进全球科技治理的完善,确保人工智能技术的健康发展。The wide application of artificial intelligence technology has had a far-reaching impact on society,economy,law and other fields,triggering a series of legal issues that need to be resolved.Based on the successful implementation of GDPR,the EU has introduced the Artificial Intelligence Act,aiming to expand its extraterritorial effect.The Act’s extraterritoriality can be deconstructed into the‘place of delivery standard’and the‘effects principle’:the former creates regulatory obligations based on the extent of activity within the EU,while the latter expands the scope of jurisdiction based on the substantive impacts and location of those affected within the EU.However,the implementation of the long-arm jurisdiction faces challenges in balancing differences in national laws and respecting the sovereignty of other countries,while at the same time keeping pace with technological developments to ensure that it promotes innovation and effectively manages risks.To this end,the EU needs to strengthen international cooperation and jointly build an international legal order adapted to the AI era through dialogue,consultation and mutual recognition of standards.This will help promote the improvement of global science and technology governance and ensure the healthy development of AI technology for the benefit of all mankind.

关 键 词：人工智能法案 欧盟 域外管辖权 域外效力 

分 类 号：D92[政治法律—法学]