低保瞄准的代理家计方法革新:基于广东经验的实证研究  

Innovating the Proxy Means Test for Targeting Minimum Livelihood Guarantee Recipients:An Empirical Study Based on Guangdong's Experience

作　　者：刘洋[1] Liu Yang(School of Politics and Public Administration,South China Normal University,Guangzhou 510006,China)

机构地区：[1]华南师范大学政治与公共管理学院

出　　处：《社会保障评论》2025年第2期78-96,共19页Chinese Social Security Review

基　　金：教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目“促进困难群体共同富裕的社会政策体系建设研究”。

摘　　要：低保制度是中国社会救助体系的核心,但长期以来其基于家计调查的瞄准方法存在错保率和漏保率过高的问题。如何提高低保瞄准的有效性?本研究以广东的低保改革为例,呈现地方民政部门如何根据理论研究建立包括收入、家庭结构、住房条件、生活资料四个维度的代理家计指标识别体系进行低保对象识别方法的政策创新。同时,本文还通过政策评估的方式,验证了广东采纳的代理家计方法有助于矫正低保瞄准中的漏保和错保问题。广东在低保领域的政策创新是理论与实践结合的典型范例,能够为中国社会救助制度的优化提供一定的经验启示。The minimum livelihood guarantee(Dibao)system is a cornerstone of China's social assistance framework.However,traditional means-testing has long suff ered from high inclusion and exclusion errors,undermining its effectiveness.How can Dibao targeting be improved?This study examines Guangdong's Dibao reform,highlighting policy innovations in the development of a proxy means test(PMT)system by local civil aff airs departments.Grounded in theoretical research,the PMT framework identifi es recipients based on four key dimensions:income,household structure,housing conditions,and livelihood assets.Policy evaluation confi rms that Guangdong's adoption of PMT has signifi cantly reduced targeting errors in the Dibao system.This reform exemplifi es the integration of theory and practice,off ering valuable insights for enhancing China's social assistance system.

关 键 词：低保 瞄准 代理家计调查 政策创新 广东 

分 类 号：D63[政治法律—政治学]