农村互助养老:社会基础、历史演进与发展路径  

Rural Mutual Assistance in Elderly Care:Social Foundations,Historical Evolution,and Development Pathways

作　　者：代秀亮 Dai Xiuliang(School of Public Policy and Administration,Xi'an Jiaotong University,Xi'an 710049,China)

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学公共政策与管理学院

出　　处：《社会保障评论》2025年第2期97-110,共14页Chinese Social Security Review

基　　金：教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目“人口高质量发展背景下社会保障可持续性问题研究”(24JZD039);西安交通大学基本科研业务费项目“农村老年人参与互助养老的行动逻辑与促进策略研究”(SK2024001)。

摘　　要：发展农村互助养老是破解农村养老服务供给困境、补齐农村养老服务短板的重要举措。多元主体参与养老服务的合作生产是互助养老的本质特征。互助合作的历史传统、熟人社会的社会结构、村民自治的治理优势和孝亲敬老的文化基因共同构成了互助养老发展的社会基础。新中国成立以来,农村互助养老经历了传统互助养老延续与集体互助养老发展、传统互助养老弱化与集体互助养老瓦解、现代化互助养老制度建构三个发展阶段。当前,国家顶层设计对互助养老高度重视,以农村幸福院为主体的互助养老设施快速普及,政府支持成为推动互助养老发展的核心力量,但存在多元主体参与合力不强、互助养老服务功能不完善和老年人参与行为不充分等实践困境。为此,需要从明确主体责任、健全发展载体、优化政策协同等方面促进农村互助养老的可持续、高质量发展。Developing rural mutual assistance in elderly care is a crucial strategy to address the challenges in rural elderly care services and bridge existing service gaps.The essence of mutual assistance in elderly care lies in the cooperative production of care services involving multiple stakeholders.Its social foundations are shaped by the historical traditions of mutual aid,the social structure of close-knit rural communities,the governance advantages of village self-administration,and the cultural values of fi lial piety and respect for the elderly.Since the founding of the People's Republic of China,rural mutual assistance in elderly care has undergone three developmental stages:the continuation of traditional mutual aid and the rise of collective mutual assistance,the decline of traditional mutual aid and the dissolution of collective mutual assistance,and the establishment of modern mutual assistance systems.At present,the national policy framework places strong emphasis on mutual assistance in elderly care,with the robust expansion of mutual assistance facilities,particularly rural happiness homes,and strong government support driving its development.However,challenges remain,including weak coordination among multiple stakeholders,incomplete service functions,and low participation rates among older adults.To ensure the sustainable and high-quality development of rural mutual assistance in elderly care,it is essential to clarify stakeholder responsibilities,strengthen institutional support,and enhance policy coordination.

关 键 词：农村互助养老 社会基础 合作生产 

分 类 号：D66[政治法律—政治学]