双层叶片离心泵空化气泡演化特性研究  

Investigation on the Evolution of Cavitation Bubbles in Double-vane Centrifugal Pump

作　　者：彭程 邓坚[2] 吴江 PENG Cheng;DENG Jian;WU Jiang(College of Energy and Mechanical Engineering,Shanghai University of Electric Power,Pudong New District,Shanghai 201306,China;Science and Technology on Reactor System Design Technology Laboratory,Nuclear Power Institute of China,Chengdu 610213,Sichuan Province,China)

机构地区：[1]上海电力大学能源与机械工程学院,上海市浦东新区201306 [2]中国核动力研究设计院核反应堆系统设计技术重点实验室,四川省成都市610213

出　　处：《中国电机工程学报》2025年第6期2285-2297,I0021,共14页PROCEEDINGS OF THE CHINESE SOCIETY FOR ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(青年科学基金项目)(12105167);上海市青年科技英才扬帆计划(21YF1414800)。

摘　　要：水力机械作为电力、船舶、武器等行业广泛应用的通用机械,越来越向高速化的趋势发展,然而一旦发生空化,将严重制约其效率和安全稳定性。空化过程涉及多相流、湍流和质量传递等复杂的流体力学过程,目前,针对非定常工况下空化气泡演化特性的数值模拟研究相对较少。该文首先建立双层叶片离心式水泵及流道模型,采用Realizable k-ε湍流模型及Schnerr-Sauer空化模型,探究不同吸入段初始雷诺数(6×10^(6)~18×10^(6))及转速(400~600 r/min)作用下的空化历程,并针对其中空化初生阶段的起始、空化气泡逃逸阶段的起始及空化区域分布进行定性与定量分析。结果表明:水泵腔体内空化的发生需要满足流场内高速与低压共存的条件。双层叶片转速或吸入段初始雷诺数的增加,均会造成空化气泡初生阶段开始的时间提前,而影响空泡逃逸开始时刻的主要因素是吸入段的初始雷诺数。保持吸入段初始雷诺数不变,伴随叶片转速的增加,空化区域将不断扩大;而保持叶片转速不变,伴随吸入段初始雷诺数的升高,空化区域将逐渐减少,呈现向吸入段位置收缩的效果。该文研究结果可为理解流体机械内部的汽-液两相流瞬时转化,优化水泵叶片结构、减少水泵汽蚀提供一定的技术参考。Hydraulic equipment is becoming more and more developed toward the trend of high speed as a general-purpose machine that is extensively employed in the electric power,ship,and weapon industries;nevertheless,if cavitation occurs,it will severely restrict its efficiency and safety stability.There are currently just a few numerical investigations on the evolution of cavitation bubbles under unsteady conditions.The cavitation process involves complex hydrodynamic phenomena such multiphase flow,turbulence,and mass transfer.In order to investigate the cavitation history under the influence of various initial Reynolds numbers(6×10^(6)~18×10^(6))in the suction section and rotational speeds(400~600 r/min),a double-vane centrifugal pump and flow channel model is firstly established.The Realizable k-εturbulence model and Schnerr-Sauer cavitation model are then used to govern the cavitation characteristics.For the beginning of the initial cavitation stage,the beginning of the cavitation bubble escape stage,and the dispersion of the cavitation region,qualitative and quantitative assessments are conducted.The major findings are that high speed and low pressure must coexist in the flow field for cavitation to develop in the pump cavity.The commencement of the initial cavitation stage will begin sooner as a result of an increase in the double-layer blade speed or the initial Reynolds number of the suction section,and the initial Reynolds number of the suction section has the greatest impact on the start of the bubble escape.While maintaining the initial Reynolds number of the suction section and increasing the blade speed,the cavitation region can gradually grow;similarly,while maintaining the blade speed and increasing the initial Reynolds number,the cavitation region may gradually shrink,demonstrating the contraction to the suction section.The pertinent research findings can serve as a technical guide for comprehending how vapor-liquid two-phase flow transforms momentarily inside fluid equipment,optimizing the construction

关 键 词：空化 空化初生 空化区域 初始雷诺数 STAR CCM+ 

分 类 号：TK414.2[动力工程及工程热物理—动力机械及工程]