世界技术活动地理重心迁移规律研究——基于专利大数据分析视角  

The Geographical Gravity Center Transfer Law of World Technological Activities:The Perspective of Patent Big Data Analysis

作　　者：冯志刚[1,2] 张志强 王生亮[4] FENG Zhigang;ZHANG Zhiqiang;WANG Shengliang(National Science Library(Chengdu),Chinese Academy of Sciences,Chengdu 610299,China;National Science Library,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China;Department of Information Resources Management,School of Economics and Management,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;School of Vehicle and Transportation Engineering,Taiyuan University of Science and Technology,Taiyuan 030024,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院成都文献情报中心,四川成都610299 [2]中国科学院文献情报中心,北京100190 [3]中国科学院大学经济与管理学院,北京100190 [4]太原科技大学车辆与交通工程学院,山西太原030024

出　　处：《情报科学》2024年第9期16-27,60,共13页Information Science

基　　金：2023年度中国科学院成都文献情报中心创新基金青年项目“技术主权视角下美国产业政策演变规律研究”(E3Z0000806);四川省科技计划项目“适应新科技革命趋势和规律的科技创新政策与四川科技创新治理机制研究”(23RKX0302)

摘　　要：【目的/意义】从全球宏观地理视角出发,量化探究长时间序列下世界技术活动地理重心的迁移规律。【方法/过程】选取1970—2020年间50个主要国家/地区的专利大数据作为分析对象,在解构出揭示世界技术活动格局演化不同侧面的六个分析维度的基础上,利用空间统计分析、重心模型、大地主题解算和地理信息技术等方法工具,分别量化分析六个分析维度和整合后的世界技术活动地理重心的空间格局分布及其时空迁移特征,总结出地理重心的主要迁移规律。【结果/结论】1970—2020年:①世界技术活动地理重心长期稳定分布于北纬40°附近,并表现出小幅向南迁移态势。②世界技术活动地理重心表现出大幅向东迁移态势。③西方发达国家/地区在世界技术活动中仍处于优势地位,但这种优势正在逐渐减弱。④亚洲国家/地区在世界技术活动中的长足进步是推动地理重心迁移的主要力量。【创新/局限】研究系统应用地理学的相关方法、工具直观呈现了世界技术活动近50年来地理重心的迁移规律,今后将尝试从中心国家转移、网络结构演化等视角全方位揭示世界技术活动的格局演化规律并开展合理预测。【Purpose/significance】From the perspective of global macro geography,this paper quantitatively explores the geographical gravity center transfer law of world technological activities in a long time series.【Method/process】This study selects patent big data of 50 major countries/regions from 1970 to 2020 as the analysis object.On the basis of deconstructing six analysis dimensions that reflect different aspects of the pattern evolution of world technological activities,this study uses methods and tools such as spatial statistical analysis,gravity model,solution of geodetic problem and geographic information technology.Quantify and analyze the spatial pattern distribution and spatiotemporal migration characteristics of the six analytical dimensions and the integrated world technological activities geographical gravity center,and summarize the main migration laws of the geographical gravity center.【Result/conclusion】The results show that from 1970 to 2020:(1)The geographical gravity center of the world technological activities has been steadily distributed around 40°north latitude for a long time,and has shown a slight southward migration trend.(2)The geographical gravity center of the world technological activities shows a significant eastward migration trend.(3)Western developed countries/regions are still in a dominant position in world technological activities,but the advantage is gradually weakening.(4)The significant progress made by Asian countries/regions in the world technological activities is the main force leading the shift of geographical gravity center.【Innovation/limitation】This study uses the methods and tools of geography systematically to intuitively present the geographical gravity center transfer law of world technological activities in the past 50 years.In the future,we will try to reveal the evolution law of world technological activities pattern from the perspectives of the central country transfer and the network structure evolution,and carry out reasonable prediction.

关 键 词：世界技术活动 专利大数据 地理重心迁移 格局演化 重心模型 

分 类 号：G250.2[文化科学—图书馆学] G306