湖南宁乡杨家湾宋墓灰浆成分分析  

Compositional Analysis of Mortar in Song Brick Chamber Tombs at Yangjiawan in Ningxiang County of Hunan Province

作　　者：邱玥 杨宁波 Qiu Yue;Yang Ningbo(Hunan Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology;Hunan Key Laboratory of Archaeometry and Conservation Science)

机构地区：[1]湖南省文物考古研究院科技考古与文物保护利用湖南省重点实验室

出　　处：《湖南考古辑刊》2024年第1期319-328,共10页Journal of Hunan Archaeology

摘　　要：灰浆是砖室墓保护修缮中的关键建筑材料,本研究通过X射线荧光光谱分析、X射线衍射分析、扫描电镜-能谱、傅里叶红外光谱分析等对湖南宁乡杨家湾墓群不同部位灰浆的成分组成、晶体结构、微观形貌等进行系统分析。结果表明,杨家湾墓群不同部位的灰浆组成差异较大。其中,M3、M4墓室墓主人头部位置样品为方解石,M3东墓室封门墙处样品为氢氧化钙与方解石混合物,它们起到吸潮、隔绝外界空气、保持墓室干燥的作用。M4椁墙外围浇筑的三合土圹由方解石、细砂、黏土及糯米汁混合夯实后制成,其结构致密,质地坚硬,为防护加固墓葬之用。M3西墓室及M4封门墙处灰浆由石灰与黏土混合制成,未添加有机成分。本研究为了解湖南地区宋代家族墓的埋葬习俗提供了新的材料。Mortar is the key construction material in the conservation and restoration of brick chamber tombs.In this study,the composition,crystal structure and microscopic morphology of different mortars in Song brick chamber tombs at Yangjiawan in Ningxiang County of Hunan Province are systematically analyzed by microscopic analysis and testing methods such as X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy,X-ray diffraction,scanning electron microscopy and Fourier infrared spectroscopy.The results show that the composition of mortar in different areas of Yangjiawan brick chamber tombs is quite different.The samples from the head position of the tomb occupant in Tomb 3 and Tomb 4 are calcium carbonate,and the sample from the sealing door wall of the east chamber of Tomb 3 is a mixture of calcium hydroxide and calcium carbonate,which play the role of absorbing moisture,isolating outside air and keeping the chamber dry.The firm soil dam outside Tomb 4 is made of a mixture of calcium carbonate,fine sand,clay,and glutinous rice juice,whose solid and hard texture can protect and reinforce the tomb structure.The mortar in the western chamber of Tomb 3 and in the sealing wall of Tomb 4 is a mixture of calcium carbonate and clay,with no organic components added.This study provides new materials for understanding the burial practices of Song Dynasty family tombs in Hunan Province.

关 键 词：宋代砖室墓葬 灰浆 成分分析 

分 类 号：K878.8[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学] K244[历史地理—历史学]