“单纯年代”:国营工厂集体记忆的建构——以贵州省三线建设企业为例  

The Age of Innocence:Collective Memories of the Third Front Workers

作　　者：常江潇 Chang Jiangxiao

机构地区：[1]南京大学社会学院

出　　处：《中国研究》2024年第1期35-52,338,共19页China Studies

基　　金：南京大学“双一流”建设基金“卓越研究计划”项目“社会学理论与中国研究”的阶段性研究成果

摘　　要：三线工厂的早期建设者,常常将新中国成立后至改革开放之前的时期追忆为“单纯年代”。在其语境中,“单纯”不仅被用来形容他们这一代人的精神面貌,也通常被用来解释自己当年无私奉献的工作热情形成的原因。本文基于贵州省三线建设者(三线人)的口述史访谈资料,关注国家话语之下的底层叙事,以个体生命史为轴线,将三线人关于“单纯年代”集体记忆的形成分为三个历史阶段——集体主义乌托邦的建立、共同体的失落以及重建精神家园——动态揭示了工人如何远离家乡、满怀热情地开展三线建设,又如何随着计划经济的结束和三线建设政策的终结而面临认同危机,以及如何用“单纯”这一叙事框架解释自身的遭遇和选择,并重建认同感和归属感。本文认为,工人关于“单纯年代”集体记忆的形成,不仅是计划经济和单位制等社会结构的历史遗产,更是工人立足当下、锚定自身的主观实践的结果。对“单纯年代”的追忆不仅是一种怀旧情绪,也是工人在市场化过程中应对周遭社会剧变,重建内心秩序、寻求社会认同的表征。Early participants in China's Third Front factories often recall the pre-marketization Maoist period as the“age of innocence”.Here“innocence”is used not only to refer to the mental outlook of their generation,but also to explain the formation of their own work enthusiasm.Based on the oral history interviews of workers in the Third Front factories in Guizhou Province,this paper focuses on the bottom narratives under the national discourse and divides the formation of the Third Front people's collective memory of the“age of innocence”into three historical stages:the establishment of a collectivist utopia,the loss of community,and the reconstruction of their spiritual home.This process dynamically reveals how the workers,far from home and full of enthusiasm for the construction of the Third Front,faced an identity crisis at the end of the planned economy and the Third Front construction policy,and how they used the narrative framework of“innocent”to explain their encounters and choices and rebuild their sense of identity and belonging.

关 键 词：三线建设 集体记忆 社会认同 

分 类 号：F127[经济管理—世界经济] C91[社会学]