中国医务人员抑郁的变迁(2002—2021):横断历史研究的视角  

Changes in Depression Among Chinese Medical Personnel(2002-2021):A Cross-Temporal Meta-Analysis

作　　者：吕邈[1] 刘佳音 庞瑜 王一楠 Lyu Miao;Liu Jiayin;Pang Yu;Wang Yinan

机构地区：[1]曲阜师范大学心理学院

出　　处：《中国社会心理学评论》2024年第1期181-203,246-247,共25页Chinese Social Psychological Review

基　　金：山东省社会科学规划研究项目(项目编号:22DSHJ02)的资助

摘　　要：医务人员比其他专业群体面临更多与工作相关的压力,其抑郁发生率高于其他职业群体。因抑郁带来的情绪低落、无助感和无价值感,不仅影响医务人员自身健康与日常生活,还会严重影响其医疗服务质量,甚至威胁医疗安全。既往针对医务工作者群体的研究并未明确其心理健康水平的变迁趋势,他们的抑郁水平与社会经济发展(宏观)、行业组织建设(中观)以及个体-社会交互(微观)三个方面因素紧密相关。本研究对2002年至2021年间的89篇采用抑郁自评量表(SDS)测量医务人员抑郁的研究报告(医务人员被试共36822人)进行横断历史的元分析。结果表明,我国医务人员抑郁水平总体呈下降趋势;医务人员抑郁水平的变化受医院类型和医务种类影响明显,三级医院医务人员抑郁水平下降幅度明显高于一级和二级医院,医生抑郁水平下降幅度显著高于其他类别医务人员。滞后分析表明,不仅当年,1年前、3年前和5年前的国民总收入、国内生产总值、卫生机构总数、卫生机构人口数、卫生总费用都是影响医务人员抑郁水平的重要因素。本研究探究了医务人员近20年的抑郁变迁趋势,并探讨了相关社会影响因素,对如何提升我国医务人员的心理健康水平具有重要的启示。Medical personnel face more work-related stress than other professional groups,with a higher prevalence of depressive symptoms.The low mood,feelings of helplessness,and worthlessness brought on by depression not only affect the health and daily life of medical personnel,but also severely impact the quality of their medical services,and even threaten medical safety.Previous studies on similar groups of medical personnel have not clearly defined the changes in their mental health levels.Their levels of depression are closely related to socio-economic development,the development of the medical and health industry,and the characteristics of the medical community.This study conducted a cross-historical meta-analysis of 89 research reports on depression in medical personnel measured by the Self-Rating Depression Scale(SDS)from 2002 to 2021(including a total of 36,822 medical personnel subjects).The results show that the overall level of depression among medical personnel in China is declining;the changes in the level of depression among medical personnel are significantly affected by the type of hospital and type of medical work,with the level of depression among medical personnel in tertiary hospitals significantly higher than that in primary and secondary hospitals,and the level of depression among doctors significantly higher than other types of medical personnel.The lag analysis showed that not only that year,but also 1 year ago,3 years ago and 5 years ago,the gross national income,gross domestic product,total number of health institutions,population of health institutions and total health cost were important factors affecting the depression level of medical personnel.This study explores the changes in medical personnel over the past 20 years and discusses related social impact factors,providing important insights on how to improve the mental health of medical personnel in China.

关 键 词：医务人员 抑郁 社会变迁 横断历史元分析 

分 类 号：R192[医药卫生—卫生事业管理] R749.4[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]