体道通玄:老子“士”观念探赜  

Grasping the Profound Tao:An Exploration of Laozi's Conceptt of the"Shi"

作　　者：边疆 Bian Jiang

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学哲学学院

出　　处：《理论界》2025年第3期72-79,共8页Theory Horizon

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“荀子道德哲学的形上学基础研究”(19BZX047)的研究成果。

摘　　要：《道德经》中有众多对理想人格的描述。现有研究多将注意力放在“圣人”观念上,而士观念则有时与“圣人”观念相混淆,笼统地作为“得道者”来解释,这很容易将“士”作为“圣人”的一个次级概念。但细究文本,“士”显然有其独特意味,老子为理解“士”提供了一个独立的语境,尤其表现在个体修养和对政治的关怀上。士的视角和选择不具有圣人那样的绝对性和唯一性,也不是民那样全然可以自成自化,士的生存更需要实践智慧在政治哲学上,士的叙事能在圣人与民的张力间为研究老子的工夫论和主体性提供新的视角。而且,在这两者的张力下,以士为新视角更容易理解道家哲学的分化。The"Tao Te Ching"contains numerous descriptions of the ideal personality.Current research has primarily focused on the concept of the sage,often conflating it with that of the Shi iand generally interpreting the Shi as a"follower of the Tao".This interpretation can easily relegate the"Shi"to a secondary concept relativeto the"sage".However,withint the text,the Shi clearly holds unique significance.Laozi provides an independent textual context for understanding the Shi,particularly in terms of individual cultivation and political concern.The perspective and choices of the Shi do not possess the absoluteness and uniqueness attributed 1to the sage,nor are they like the common people who can transform themselves entirely.The existence of the Shi requires practical wisdom.Inpolitical philosophy,the narrative of the Shi can provide a new perspective for studying Laozi's theory of cultivation and subjectivity between the tension of the sage and the common people.Moreover,this tension,when viewed through the lens of the Shi,facilitates a better understanding of the differentiation within Taoist philosophy.

关 键 词：士 道德经 理想人格 道家工夫论 

分 类 号：I206[文学—中国文学]