中学生近视与超重肥胖和抑郁共患现状及相关因素分析  

Prevalence and comorbidity of myopia,overweight,obesity,and depression among middle school students and their associated factors

作　　者：姜珊 张晓菲 康康 付齐齐 赵慧 任志盛[1] JIANG Shan;ZHANG Xiaofei;KANG Kang;FU Qiqi;ZHAOHui;REN Zhisheng(Department of School Health,Qingdao Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Qingdao,Shandong 266033,China)

机构地区：[1]青岛市疾病预防控制中心学校卫生所,山东青岛266033

出　　处：《中国预防医学杂志》2025年第2期223-228,共6页Chinese Preventive Medicine

摘　　要：目的了解中学生近视、超重肥胖与抑郁共患现状及其影响因素,并构建列线图预测模型。方法2023年3—5月,采用分层整群随机抽样的方式,对青岛市中学生进行体格检查和健康影响因素监测,采用多因素logistic回归模型分析近视、超重肥胖和抑郁共患的风险因素,并构建共患风险的列线图预测模型。结果7915名研究对象中,≥2种疾病共患检出3230名(40.81%),其中3种疾病共患检出369名(4.66%)。女生(OR=0.76,95%CI:0.69~0.83)、每天吃早餐(OR=0.72,95%CI:0.65~0.80)、中高强度运动≥60 min(OR=0.83,95%CI:0.73~0.95)、睡眠时间达标(OR=0.76,95%CI:0.69~0.85)、户外运动时间≥60 min(OR=0.85,95%CI:0.77~0.94)是≥2种疾病共患的保护因素;视屏时间≥2 h(OR=1.22,95%CI:1.09~1.36)是≥2种疾病共患的危险因素。每天喝含糖饮料≥1次(OR=1.56,95%CI:1.03~2.35)和视屏时间≥2 h(OR=1.36,95%CI:1.07~1.72)的学生3种疾病的共患风险更高;郊县(OR=0.72,95%CI:0.58~0.90)、每天吃早餐(OR=0.48,95%CI:0.39~0.60)、健康饮食(OR=0.33,95%CI:0.15~0.70)、中高强度运动≥60min(OR=0.53,95%CI:0.35~0.81)、睡眠时间达标(OR=0.62,95%CI:0.47~0.83)、户外运动时间≥60 min(OR=0.79,95%CI:0.63~0.99)与3种疾病共患的发生呈负相关。列线图预测模型可预测共患风险,ROC曲线下面积为0.58(95%CI:0.56~0.59,P<0.05),校正曲线与理想曲线接近,模型拟合度高。结论青岛市中学生常见病共患不容乐观,可根据列线图模型做好高危人群管理,并针对共同的不良生活方式,及早采取膳食、运动及行为干预措施,以降低中学生近视、超重肥胖和抑郁共患发生。Objective This study aims to analyze the prevalence,comorbidity,and influencing factors of myopia,overweight/obesity,and depression among middle school students and to develop a nomogram prediction model.Methods From March to May 2023,a stratified cluster random sampling method was employed to conduct physical examinations and monitor health risk factors among middle school students in Qingdao.Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze risk factors associated with the comorbidity of myopia,overweight/obesity,and depression.A nomogram prediction model was constructed for co-occurrence risk.Results Among the 7915participants,3230 students(40.81%)were assessed as having two or more disease comorbidities,while 369students(4.66%)had all three.Female gender(OR=0.76,95%CI:0.69-0.83),daily breakfast consumption(OR=0.72,95%CI:0.65-0.80),engaging in moderate to high-intensity physical activities≥60 minutes/day(OR=0.83,95%CI:0.73-0.95),sufficient sleep time(OR=0.76,95%CI:0.69-0.85),and outdoor exercise≥60 minutes/day(OR=0.85,95%CI:0.77-0.94)were protective factors for the comorbidity of at least two diseases.Screen time≥2 hours/day(OR=1.22,95%CI:1.09-1.36)was a risk factor for the comorbidity of at least two diseases.Students who drank sugar-sweetened beverages≥1 time/day(OR=1.56,95%CI:1.03-2.35)and had screen time≥2 hours/day(OR=1.36,95%CI:1.07-1.72)were positively correlated with comorbidity of myopia,overweight/obesity,and depression.Rural residency(OR=0.72,95%CI:0.58-0.90),daily breakfast(OR=0.48,95%CI:0.39-0.60),healthy diet(OR=0.33,95%CI:0.15-0.70),moderate and high-intensity physical activities≥60 minutes/day(OR=0.53,95%CI:0.35-0.81),sufficient sleep time(OR=0.62,95%CI:0.47-0.83),and outdoor exercise≥60 minutes/day(OR=0.79,95%CI:0.63-0.99)were negatively correlated with comorbidity of myopia,overweight/obesity,and depression.The Nomogram prediction model showed good predictive capability for comorbidity risk,with an area under the ROC curve of 0.58(95%CI:0.56-0.59,P<0.05)and calibration curves

关 键 词：近视 超重肥胖 抑郁 中学生 

分 类 号：R179[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健]