2013—2023年北京市朝阳区学龄前儿童体质健康变化趋势  

Trends in the physical health of preschool children in Chaoyang District,Beijing from 2013 to 2023

作　　者：马艳艳 罗佳 赵月 高倩 赵秋玲 王川[1] MA Yanyan;LUO Jia;ZHAO Yue;GAO Qian;ZHAO Qiuling;WANG Chuan(The Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Chaoyang District,Beijing 100021,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市朝阳区妇幼保健院,北京100021

出　　处：《中国预防医学杂志》2025年第2期229-234,共6页Chinese Preventive Medicine

摘　　要：目的了解北京市朝阳区学龄前儿童体质健康的变化趋势,为提高儿童体质健康提供依据。方法收集2013—2023年北京市朝阳区3~6岁儿童体质数据进行分析,采用Joinpoint 5.0.2统计软件计算儿童身体形态及身体素质指标的年度变化百分比(annual percent age change,APC)和平均年度变化百分比(average annual percent age change,AAPC),分析儿童体质健康状况随时间变化的趋势。结果2013—2023年北京市朝阳区学龄前儿童生长迟缓、消瘦、超重的检出率呈下降趋势(AAPC=-22.37%、-25.35%、-8.15%,P<0.05),男女童变化趋势与总体一致。2013—2019年肥胖发生率呈下降趋势(APC=-5.36%,P=0.02)。身体素质单项指标分析显示,男童10 m折返跑、立定跳远、坐位体前屈、走平衡木优秀率整体呈下降趋势(AAPC=-2.06%、-3.09%、-0.93%、-3.31%,P<0.05);女童10 m折返跑、走平衡木优秀率呈下降趋势(AAPC=-2.57%、-2.40%,P<0.05)。体质综合评级优秀率随时间呈下降趋势(AAPC=-0.98%,P<0.05),男女童变化趋势与总体一致(AAPC=-1.14%、-0.87%,P<0.05),优秀率从2013年的44.32%下降至2023年的41.98%。结论2013—2023年北京市朝阳区学龄前儿童生长迟缓、消瘦、超重和肥胖营养状况呈改善趋势,但体质健康优秀率水平呈下降趋势,需重点关注儿童灵敏素质、爆发力、柔韧性及平衡能力的发展。Objective To understand the trends in physical health among preschool children in Chaoyang District,Beijing from 2013 to 2023,and to provide a basis for improving children's physical well-being.Methods Data on the physical health of children aged 3 to 6 years in Chaoyang District,Beijing from 2013to 2023 were collected and analyzed.The Joinpoint 5.0.2 statistical software was used to calculate the annual percentage change(APC)and average annual percentage change(AAPC)for physical morphology and fitness indicators,analyzing the trends in children's physical health over time.Results From 2013 to 2023,the detection rates of growth retardation,underweight,and overweight among preschool children showed a decreasing trend over time(AAPC=-22.37%,-25.35%,-8.15%,P<0.05),with similar trends observed for both boys and girls.During the period of 2013-2019,the annual average trend of obesity incidence showed a decreasing trend(APC=-5.36%,P=0.02),Analysis of individual physical fitness indicators revealed a downward trend in the excellent rates for boys in the 10-meter shuttle run,standing long jump,sit-and-reach test,and balance beam(AAPC=-2.06%,-3.09%,-0.93%,-3.31%,P<0.05).For girls,the excellent rates in the 10-meter shuttle run and balance beam also showed a decline(AAPC=-2.57%,-2.40%,P<0.05).The comprehensive rating of physical fitness indicated a decreasing trend in excellent rates over time(AAPC=-0.98%,P<0.05),consistent for both genders(AAPC=-1.14%,-0.87%,P<0.05),with the excellent rate dropping from 44.32%in 2013 to 41.98%in 2023.Conclusions Between 2013 and 2023,the nutritional status of preschool children in Chaoyang District,Beijing,showed improvements in terms of growth retardation,underweight,overweight,and obesity rates.However,the level of excellent physical health has been declining,highlighting the need for focused attention on the development of children's sensitivity,explosive strength,flexibility,and balance ability.

关 键 词：体质健康 身体形态 学龄前儿童 变化趋势 

分 类 号：R179[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健]